Ecological Plant Protection in Arable Crops, Plant Protection, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Plant Biology and Phytopathology, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Sep;129(3):680-694. doi: 10.1111/jam.14634. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
To evaluate biological control agents (BCAs) against Fusarium graminearum on infected maize stalks as a means to reduce Fusarium head blight (FHB) in subsequently grown wheat.
In the laboratory, BCAs were applied against F. graminearum on maize stalk pieces. Clonostachys rosea inhibited the perithecia development and ascospore discharge when applied before, simultaneously with and after the pathogen. In the field, we simulated a system with high disease pressure, that is, a maize-wheat rotation under no-tillage, by preparing maize stalks inoculated with F. graminearum. The infected stalks were treated with formulations of C. rosea selected in vitro or the commercial BCA strain Trichoderma atrobrunneum ITEM908 and exposed to field conditions over winter and spring between winter wheat rows. Monitoring with spore traps and of FHB symptoms, as well as quantification of F. graminearum incidence and DNA in harvested grain revealed significant reductions by C. rosea by up to 85, 91, 69 and 95% compared with an inoculated but untreated positive control, respectively. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) contents were reduced by up to 93 and 98%, respectively. Treatments with T. atrobrunneum were inconsistent, with significant reductions of DON and ZEN under warm and wet climatic conditions only.
The findings support the application of C. rosea against F. graminearum on residues of maize to suppress the primary inoculum of FHB.
As sustainable agriculture requires solutions to control FHB, hence, the application of C. rosea during the mulching of maize crop residues should be evaluated in on-farm experiments.
评估生物防治剂（BCAs）对感染玉米秸秆上的禾谷镰刀菌的控制作用，以减少随后种植的小麦上的赤霉病（FHB）。
在实验室中，将 BCAs 应用于玉米秸秆上的禾谷镰刀菌。木霉（Clonostachys rosea）在病原菌之前、同时和之后应用时，抑制了子囊壳的发育和子囊孢子的排放。在田间，我们通过制备接种禾谷镰刀菌的玉米秸秆来模拟高病害压力的系统，即在免耕条件下的玉米-小麦轮作。用体外选择的木霉（Clonostachys rosea）制剂或商业 BCA 菌株哈茨木霉（Trichoderma atrobrunneum ITEM908）处理感染的秸秆，并在冬小麦行间的田间条件下暴露于冬季和春季。用孢子陷阱监测和 FHB 症状，并定量收获谷物中的禾谷镰刀菌发病率和 DNA，结果表明，与接种但未经处理的阳性对照相比，木霉（Clonostachys rosea）的处理可分别减少 85%、91%、69%和 95%，DON 和 ZEN 的含量分别减少了 93%和 98%。哈茨木霉（Trichoderma atrobrunneum）的处理不一致，仅在温暖和潮湿的气候条件下，DON 和 ZEN 的含量显著减少。
研究结果支持在玉米残茬上应用木霉（Clonostachys rosea）来抑制赤霉病的初侵染。
由于可持续农业需要控制赤霉病的解决方案，因此，在玉米作物残茬覆盖时应用木霉（Clonostachys rosea）应在田间试验中进行评估。
