Krasoń Marcin Z, Paradowska Anna, Fronczek Martyna, Lejawa Mateusz, Kamieńska Natalia, Krejca Michał, Kolanowska Anna, Boncel Sławomir, Radomski Marek W
Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Cardiac Surgery Department, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419 Łódź, Poland.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Oct 19;15(10):2495. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102495.
Graphene oxide's (GO) intravascular applications and biocompatibility are not fully explored yet, although it has been proposed as an anticancer drug transporter, antibacterial factor or component of wearable devices. Bivalent cations and the number of particles' atom layers, as well as their structural oxygen content and pH of the dispersion, all affect the GO size, shape, dispersibility and biological effects. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), an important blood plasma protein, is expected to improve GO dispersion stability in physiological concentrations of the precipitating calcium and magnesium cations to enable effective and safe tissue perfusion.
Four types of GO commercially available aqueous dispersions (with different particle structures) were diluted, sonicated and studied in the presence of BSA and physiological cation concentrations. Nanoparticle populations sizes, electrical conductivity, zeta potential (Zetasizer NanoZS), structure (TEM and CryoTEM), functional groups content (micro titration) and dispersion pH were analyzed in consecutive preparation stages.
BSA effectively prevented the aggregation of GO in precipitating concentrations of physiological bivalent cations. The final polydispersity indexes were reduced from 0.66-0.91 to 0.36-0.43. The GO-containing isotonic dispersions were stable with the following Z-ave results: GO1 421.1 nm, GO2 382.6 nm, GO3 440.2 nm and GO4 490.1 nm. The GO behavior was structure-dependent.
BSA effectively stabilized four types of GO dispersions in an isotonic dispersion containing aggregating bivalent physiological cations.
尽管氧化石墨烯（GO）已被提议用作抗癌药物转运体、抗菌因子或可穿戴设备的组件，但其血管内应用和生物相容性尚未得到充分探索。二价阳离子、颗粒的原子层数、其结构氧含量以及分散体的pH值，都会影响氧化石墨烯的尺寸、形状、分散性和生物学效应。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）是一种重要的血浆蛋白，有望在沉淀钙和镁阳离子的生理浓度下提高氧化石墨烯的分散稳定性，以实现有效且安全的组织灌注。
将四种市售的氧化石墨烯水分散体（具有不同的颗粒结构）进行稀释、超声处理，并在牛血清白蛋白和生理阳离子浓度存在的情况下进行研究。在连续的制备阶段分析纳米颗粒群体大小、电导率、zeta电位（Zetasizer NanoZS）、结构（透射电子显微镜和低温透射电子显微镜）、官能团含量（微量滴定）和分散体pH值。
牛血清白蛋白有效地防止了氧化石墨烯在生理二价阳离子沉淀浓度下的聚集。最终的多分散指数从0.66 - 0.91降至0.36 - 0.43。含氧化石墨烯的等渗分散体是稳定的，Z-平均结果如下：GO1为421.1纳米，GO2为382.6纳米，GO3为440.2纳米，GO4为490.1纳米。氧化石墨烯的行为取决于结构。
牛血清白蛋白有效地稳定了四种类型的氧化石墨烯分散体，使其在含有聚集二价生理阳离子的等渗分散体中保持稳定。
