Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Viruses. 2023 Sep 26;15(10):1999. doi: 10.3390/v15101999.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染是一个持续存在的公共卫生问题，尤其是在婴儿和老年人中。几乎所有儿童在两岁之前都曾感染过 RSV，并且一生中会反复感染。由于抗原变异在 SARS-CoV-2 或流感病毒等其他呼吸道病毒中经常观察到，但 RSV 只能在有限程度上观察到，因此再感染可能是由于短期或不完全的免疫。经过几十年的研究，两种 RSV 疫苗被批准用于预防老年人下呼吸道感染。最近，FDA 批准了一种疫苗用于孕妇主动接种，以预防婴儿在首个 RSV 季节出现严重 RSV 疾病。这篇综述重点关注呼吸道合胞病毒感染通过上皮细胞介导的宿主反应，上皮细胞是第一道物理屏障，随后是先天和适应性免疫系统的反应。我们讨论了感染过程中可能存在的呼吸道合胞病毒介导的免疫调节和致病机制，并讨论了目前的疫苗候选物和替代治疗方案。
