Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E EM4, Canada.
Viruses. 2023 Oct 4;15(10):2048. doi: 10.3390/v15102048.
Henipaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that have been shown to be virulent in several species, including humans, pigs, horses, and rodents. Isolated nearly 30 years ago, these viruses have been shown to be of particular concern to public health, as at least two members (Nipah and Hendra viruses) are highly virulent, as well as zoonotic, and are thus classified as BSL4 pathogens. Although only 5 members of this genus have been isolated and characterized, metagenomics analysis using animal fluids and tissues has demonstrated the existence of other novel henipaviruses, suggesting a far greater degree of phylogenetic diversity than is currently known. Using a variety of molecular biology techniques, it has been shown that these viruses exhibit varying degrees of tropism on a species, organ/tissue, and cellular level. This review will attempt to provide a general overview of our current understanding of henipaviruses, with a particular emphasis on viral tropism.
亨尼帕病毒属于单链 RNA 病毒，已被证实对包括人类、猪、马和啮齿类动物在内的多个物种具有致病性。这些病毒近 30 年前被分离出来，由于至少有两种成员（尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒）具有高度致病性、人畜共患性，因此被归类为 BSL4 病原体，对公共卫生构成了特别的威胁。尽管该属已分离和鉴定出 5 种病毒，但利用动物体液和组织进行的宏基因组学分析表明，还存在其他新型亨尼帕病毒，表明其系统发育多样性远高于目前已知的程度。利用多种分子生物学技术，已证明这些病毒在物种、器官/组织和细胞水平上表现出不同程度的嗜性。本文将尝试对亨尼帕病毒的现有认识进行概述，重点介绍病毒的嗜性。
