Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
Viruses. 2023 Oct 19;15(10):2116. doi: 10.3390/v15102116.
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the Herpesviridae family, responsible for the most common congenital viral infection-congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. While a majority of HCMV infections in children and adults are asymptomatic, HCMV is well known to cause severe infections in the immunocompromised individual and maternal infections with variable long-term sequelae after maternal-fetal transmission with primary or nonprimary infections. HCMV seroprevalence and cCMV incidence vary by geographic area and demographic characteristics like race and socioeconomic status. While cCMV birth prevalence ranges from 0.2% to 6% in different parts of the world, it is influenced by regional HCMV seroprevalence rates. HCMV screening during pregnancy is not routinely offered due to lack of awareness, hurdles to accurate diagnosis, and lack of well-established effective treatment options during pregnancy. This review will focus on antiviral treatment options currently available for use during pregnancy and in the newborn period for the treatment of maternal and congenital HCMV infections.
人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是疱疹病毒科的一种普遍存在的成员，是导致最常见的先天性病毒感染——先天性巨细胞病毒（cCMV）感染的罪魁祸首。虽然儿童和成人中的大多数 HCMV 感染是无症状的，但 HCMV 众所周知会在免疫功能低下的个体中引起严重感染，并且在母体感染后通过原发性或非原发性感染进行母婴传播时会产生不同的长期后果。HCMV 的血清流行率和 cCMV 的发病率因地理位置和人口统计学特征（如种族和社会经济地位）而异。虽然 cCMV 的出生流行率在世界不同地区的范围为 0.2%至 6%，但它受到区域 HCMV 血清流行率的影响。由于缺乏意识、准确诊断的障碍以及怀孕期间缺乏既定有效的治疗选择，因此怀孕期间通常不进行 HCMV 筛查。本综述将重点介绍目前可用于治疗母体和先天性 HCMV 感染的妊娠和新生儿期的抗病毒治疗选择。
