Pietiläinen Olli, Harkko Jaakko, Jousilahti Pekka, Kouvonen Anne, Rahkonen Ossi, Lahelma Eero, Lallukka Tea
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Ageing. 2023 Oct 28;20(1):41. doi: 10.1007/s10433-023-00786-7.
Retirement years are ideally spent in good health. We aimed to produce new information using person-oriented methods by identifying groups of statutory retirees who did or did not achieve this objective and the factors that distinguish these groups from each other. Our particular focus was on the years directly after the transition into retirement, and the pre-retirement factors that explained the development of health, using a more severe health-related outcome-hospitalization. We studied the retirement, hospitalizations, education, and work characteristics of former employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (N = 6569), from complete registers. We used group-based trajectory models and identified groups of constant low, constant high, decreasing, and temporarily occurring hospitalizations, and one group of increasing hospitalizations among women and two groups of earlier and later increasing hospitalizations among men. Multinomial regression models showed that among women, belonging to groups with less favourable health was associated with secondary education, older age at retirement, and reduced working hours. Education and work characteristics before retirement both contribute to the development of health, as indicated by hospitalizations directly after retirement. Our findings show that socioeconomic inequalities in health are persistent and should also be addressed after transition into retirement.
理想的退休生活应是在健康状态下度过。我们旨在通过识别达到或未达到这一目标的法定退休人员群体以及区分这些群体的因素，运用以人为本的方法来获取新信息。我们特别关注退休后的头几年，以及使用更严重的与健康相关的结果——住院情况来解释健康发展的退休前因素。我们从完整的登记册中研究了芬兰赫尔辛基市前雇员（N = 6569）的退休、住院、教育和工作特征。我们使用基于群体的轨迹模型，识别出持续低住院率、持续高住院率、住院率下降和暂时出现住院情况的群体，以及女性中一组住院率上升的群体和男性中两组分别为早期和后期住院率上升的群体。多项回归模型显示，在女性中，属于健康状况较差群体与中等教育程度、退休年龄较大以及工作时间减少有关。退休前的教育和工作特征都对健康发展有影响，这从退休后直接的住院情况可以看出。我们的研究结果表明，健康方面的社会经济不平等是持续存在的，在退休后也应加以解决。
