Stenholm Sari, Westerlund Hugo, Salo Paula, Hyde Martin, Pentti Jaana, Head Jenny, Kivimäki Mika, Vahtera Jussi
Department of Public Health, University of Turku, , Turku, Finland.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014 Jun;68(6):503-9. doi: 10.1136/jech-2013-203555. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Loss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people. The objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement.
Based on the Health and Retirement Study, participants who were working full-time or were in full-time retirement and 65-85 years of age during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included (n=17 844, n of observations from repeated measures in full-time work 5891 and in retirement 57 117). Details of physical functioning were asked about at all study phases and 10 items related to mobility and activities of daily living were summed to obtain a physical functioning score (0-10).
The number of physical functioning difficulties increased every 10 years by 0.17 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.29) when in full-time work and by 0.46 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.50) in retirement after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, total wealth, Body Mass Index, smoking, physical activity and number of diseases. Factors that were associated with a significantly greater increase in number of physical functioning difficulties in full-time work and retirement include lifestyle-related risks and chronic conditions.
Physical functioning declines faster in retirement than in full-time work in employees aged 65 years or older and the difference is not explained by absence of chronic diseases and lifestyle-related risks.
身体机能下降是老年人健康状况恶化的早期标志。本研究的目的是调查全职工作者和退休人员身体机能与年龄相关的变化轨迹。
基于健康与退休研究，纳入了在1992年至2010年随访期间全职工作或全职退休且年龄在65 - 85岁的参与者（n = 17844，全职工作重复测量的观察值n = 5891，退休的观察值n = 57117）。在所有研究阶段都询问了身体机能的详细情况，并将与 mobility 和日常生活活动相关的10个项目相加，以获得身体机能评分（0 - 10）。
在调整年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、总财富、体重指数、吸烟、身体活动和疾病数量后，全职工作时身体机能困难数量每10年增加0.17（95%可信区间0.04至0.29），退休后增加0.46（95%可信区间0.41至0.50）。与全职工作和退休时身体机能困难数量显著增加相关的因素包括与生活方式相关的风险和慢性疾病。
65岁及以上员工退休后身体机能下降比全职工作时更快，且这种差异不能用不存在慢性疾病和与生活方式相关的风险来解释。
