State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Dermatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2023 Jul-Dec;20(11):1511-1530. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2276285. Epub 2023 Dec 20.
The application of DNA framework nucleic acid materials in the biomedical field has witnessed continual expansion. Among them, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) have gained significant traction as the foremost biological vectors due to their superior attributes of editability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. tFNAs have demonstrated promising results in numerous in vitro and in vivo applications.
This review summarizes the latest research on tFNAs in drug delivery, including a discussion of the advantages of tFNAs in regulating biological behaviors, and highlights the updated development and advantageous applications of tFNAs-based nanostructures from static design to dynamically responsive design.
tFNAs possess distinct biological regulatory attributes and can be taken up by cells without the requirement of transfection, differentiating them from other biological vectors. tFNAs can be easily physically/chemically modified and seamlessly incorporated with other functional systems. The static design of the tFNAs-based drug delivery system makes it versatile, reproducible, and predictable. Further use of the dynamic response mechanism of DNA to external stimuli makes tFNAs-based drug delivery more effective and specific, improving the uptake and utilization of the payload by the intended target. Dynamic targeting is poised to become the future primary approach for drug delivery.
DNA 框架核酸材料在生物医学领域的应用不断扩大。其中，四面体框架核酸（tFNA）因其可编辑性、低免疫原性、生物相容性和可生物降解性等优越特性，成为最先进的生物载体而备受关注。tFNA 在许多体外和体内应用中都取得了有希望的结果。
本综述总结了 tFNA 在药物传递中的最新研究，讨论了 tFNA 在调节生物行为方面的优势，并强调了基于 tFNA 的纳米结构从静态设计到动态响应设计的最新发展和有利应用。
tFNA 具有独特的生物调节属性，可以在不需要转染的情况下被细胞摄取，这使它们有别于其他生物载体。tFNA 可以很容易地进行物理/化学修饰，并与其他功能系统无缝结合。tFNA 为基础的药物传递系统的静态设计使其具有多功能性、可重复性和可预测性。进一步利用 DNA 对外界刺激的动态响应机制，使 tFNA 为基础的药物传递更有效和更具特异性，提高了靶标对有效载荷的摄取和利用。动态靶向有望成为药物传递的未来主要方法。
