Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, India.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2024;18(4):433-456. doi: 10.2174/1872210517666230822100324.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, progressively distinctive via cartilage destruction, auto-antibody production, severe joint pain, and synovial inflammation. Nanotechnology represents as one of the utmost promising scientific technologies of the 21st century. It exhibits remarkable potential in the field of medicine, including imaging techniques and diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems and providing advances in treatment of several diseases with nanosized structures (less than 100 nm).
Conventional drugs as a cornerstone of RA management including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), Glucocorticosteroids, etc are under clinical practice. Nevertheless, their low solubility profile, poor pharmacokinetics behaviour, and non-targeted distribution not only hamper their effectiveness, but also give rise to severe adverse effects which leads to the need for the emergence of nanoscale drug delivery systems.
Several types of nano-diagnostic agents and nanocarriers have been identified; including polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, nanogels, metallic NPs, nanofibres, carbon nanotubes, nano fullerene etc. Various patents and clinical trial data have been reported in relevance to RA treatment.
Nanocarriers, unlike standard medications, encapsulate molecules with high drug loading efficacy and avoid drug leakage and burst release before reaching the inflamed sites. Because of its enhanced targeting specificity with the ability to solubilise hydrophobic drugs, it acts as an enhanced drug delivery system.
This study explores nanoparticles potential role in RA as a carrier for site-specific delivery and its promising strategies to overcome the drawbacks. Hence, it concludes that nanomedicine is advantageous compared with conventional therapy to enhanced futuristic approach.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，通过软骨破坏、自身抗体产生、严重关节疼痛和滑膜炎症逐渐表现出来。纳米技术是 21 世纪最有前途的科学技术之一。它在医学领域具有显著的应用潜力，包括成像技术和诊断工具、药物传递系统，并为纳米级结构（小于 100nm）治疗多种疾病提供了进展。
RA 管理的常规药物包括疾病修饰抗风湿药物（DMARDs）、糖皮质激素等，已在临床实践中应用。然而，它们的低溶解度、差的药代动力学行为和非靶向分布不仅影响了它们的效果，而且还导致了严重的不良反应，这就需要出现纳米级药物传递系统。
已经确定了几种类型的纳米诊断剂和纳米载体，包括聚合物纳米粒子（NPs）、脂质体、纳米凝胶、金属 NPs、纳米纤维、碳纳米管、纳米富勒烯等。与 RA 治疗相关的各种专利和临床试验数据已经报道。
与标准药物不同，纳米载体可以封装高载药量的分子，并且可以在到达炎症部位之前避免药物泄漏和爆发性释放。由于其增强的靶向特异性和溶解疏水性药物的能力，它作为一种增强的药物传递系统。
本研究探讨了纳米颗粒作为一种载体在 RA 中的潜在作用，以及其用于特定部位传递的有前途的策略，以克服缺点。因此，与传统疗法相比，纳米医学具有优势，是一种增强的未来治疗方法。
