Ontario Tech University, Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
Ontario Tech University, Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yildiz Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Res. 2024 Jan 1;240(Pt 1):117503. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117503. Epub 2023 Oct 29.
A majority of the primary contributors of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions into the environment have really been out of human-made activities. The levels of CO in the atmosphere have increased substantially since the time of the industrial revolution. This has been linked to the use of fossil fuels for energy production, as well as the widespread production of some industrial components like cement and the encroaching destruction of forests. An extreme approach is now necessary to develop the right policies and address the local and global environmental issues in the right way. In this regard, CO capturing, utilization, and storage are reliable options that industrial facilities can initiate to overcome this problem. Therefore, we have evaluated the two leading technologies that are used for carbon capture: direct (pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-combustion) and indirect carbon (reforestation, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture, and agricultural practices) capturing to provide their current status and progresses. Among the considered processes, the post-combustion techniques are widely utilized on a commercial scale, especially in industrial applications. Technology readiness level (TRL) results have showed that amine solvents, pressure-vacuum swing adsorption, and gas separation membranes have the highest TRL value of 9. In addition, the environmental impact assessment methods have been ranked to evaluate their sustainability levels. The highest global warming potential of 219.53 kgCO eq./MWh has been obtained for the post-combustion process. Overall, through this comprehensive review, we have identified some critical research gaps in the open literature in the field of CO-capturing methods where there are strong needs for future research and technology development studies, for instance, developing stable and cost-effective liquid solvents and improving the adsorption capacity of commercialized sorbents. Furthermore, some research areas, like novel process design, environmental and economic impact assessment of capturing methods with different chemicals and modeling and simulation studies, will require further effort to demonstrate the developed technologies for pilot and commercial-scale applications.
二氧化碳（CO）排放的主要人为来源是人为活动。自工业革命以来，大气中 CO 的水平显著增加。这与化石燃料的能源生产以及水泥等一些工业成分的广泛生产以及森林的破坏有关。现在需要采取极端措施来制定正确的政策，以正确的方式解决地方和全球环境问题。在这方面，CO 的捕获、利用和储存是工业设施可以采取的可靠选择，以克服这个问题。因此，我们评估了用于碳捕获的两种领先技术：直接（燃烧前、燃烧后和氧燃烧）和间接碳（重新造林、增强风化、碳捕获生物能源和农业实践）捕获，以提供它们的现状和进展。在所考虑的过程中，燃烧后技术在商业规模上得到广泛应用，特别是在工业应用中。技术准备水平（TRL）结果表明，胺溶剂、压力-真空变吸附和气体分离膜具有最高的 TRL 值 9。此外，还对环境影响评估方法进行了排名，以评估它们的可持续性水平。燃烧后工艺的全球变暖潜势最高，为 219.53 kgCO eq./MWh。总的来说，通过这项全面审查，我们在 CO 捕获方法领域的开放文献中确定了一些关键的研究差距，这些差距强烈需要未来的研究和技术发展研究，例如，开发稳定且具有成本效益的液体溶剂和提高商业化吸附剂的吸附能力。此外，一些研究领域，如具有不同化学物质的新型工艺设计、捕获方法的环境和经济影响评估以及建模和模拟研究，需要进一步努力，以展示开发的技术用于中试和商业规模应用。
