Hjelmeland Martin, Nøland Jonas Kristiansen
Unaffiliated, Kastanjevegen 14, 4051, Sola, Norway.
Department of Electric Energy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), O. S. Bragstads plass 2E, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 31;13(1):18670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45829-2.
Offshore wind power projects are currently booming around the North Sea. However, there are inherent correlation challenges between wind farms in this area, which has implications for the optimal composition of locations and the scale-up of installed capacities. This paper is aimed at addressing the correlation problem by minimizing the variance of total wind power accumulated around the North Sea. We show that this nonlinear convex optimization problem can be solved by applying the Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm (ALA). The premise of the study is that more interconnections between the EU countries will be prioritized in order to optimize and smooth out the wind power production patterns. A publicly available dataset with historical hour-by-hour data spanning over 20 years was used for the analysis. We explore two distinct scenarios for Norwegian offshore wind development. In the first scenario, we consider the ongoing activities on the European continental side of the North Sea and their implications for Norway. Here, we illustrate the advantages of focusing on expanding wind power capacity in the northern regions of Norway to enhance the overall value of the generated wind power. In contrast, the second reference scenario neglects these interconnections, resulting in a significantly greater concentration of offshore wind development in the southern parts of Norway, particularly in Sørlige Nordsjø II. Additionally, our work estimates the wind power correlation coefficient in the North Sea as a function of distance. Furthermore, we analyze deviations and intermittencies in North Sea wind power over various time intervals, emphasizing that the perceived integration challenges are highly dependent on the chosen time resolution in the analysis.
目前，北海周边的海上风电项目蓬勃发展。然而，该地区风电场之间存在内在的相关性挑战，这对选址的最优组合和装机容量的扩大具有影响。本文旨在通过最小化北海周边累计总风电的方差来解决相关性问题。我们表明，这个非线性凸优化问题可以通过应用增广拉格朗日算法（ALA）来解决。该研究的前提是，欧盟国家之间将优先建立更多互联，以优化和平滑风电生产模式。分析使用了一个公开可用的数据集，其中包含20多年来按小时记录的历史数据。我们探索了挪威海上风电发展的两种不同情景。在第一种情景中，我们考虑北海欧洲大陆一侧正在进行的活动及其对挪威的影响。在这里，我们说明了专注于扩大挪威北部地区的风电容量以提高所产生风电的整体价值的优势。相比之下，第二个参考情景忽略了这些互联，导致挪威南部地区，特别是在索利格北海二号（Sørlige Nordsjø II），海上风电开发的集中度显著更高。此外，我们的工作估计了北海风电相关系数作为距离的函数。此外，我们分析了北海风电在不同时间间隔内的偏差和间歇性，强调所察觉到的整合挑战高度依赖于分析中所选的时间分辨率。
