Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil.
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecossistemas, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2023 Oct 30;83:e274368. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.274368. eCollection 2023.
Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The most common form of control of this disease is through seed chemical treatment. However, the present work presents an alternative method, through the fumigation technique with essential oils. The pathogen F. oxysporum was inoculated on organic cherry tomato seeds through contact with sporulated Petri® plates. Thereafter, seeds were placed in stainless steel crucibles containing a 1.0 x 1.0 cm filter paper adhered to the lid and kept for 24 hours. This paper received 20 µL of each essential oil: tea tree, chia, citronella, lavender, anise basil, clove basil, and deionized water as control. This process was called "seed fumigation by essential oil". After this process, a germination test was carried out in germ boxes with Germitest® paper to verify the variables Germination Speed Index (GSI), Germination (G%), and Mean time to germination (MGT). Mycelial growth was verified in Petri® plates containing PDA medium. The plates containing mycelial growth were observed through scanning electron microscopy to verify possible morphological damage in the hyphae of the pathogen. Tea tree essential oil was the one that allowed the greatest suppression of the phytopathogen. Therefore, new tests were carried out with this specific oil. In germ boxes, tests of germination (G%), Abnormal seedlings count (ASC), and percentage of seedlings with mycelial growth were carried out. In addition, plant elicitation tests were performed in tomato seedlings through the analysis of chitinase, glucanase, and total proteins. All tests were carried out in completely randomized designs with four replications. All data were submitted to the Lilliefors normality test, followed by the analysis of variance, and Tukey's HSD (5% significance) for mean comparison. It was found that tea tree essential oil inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum without affecting the germination of cherry tomato seeds. Subsequent tests with this oil also demonstrated that there is a reduction in mycelia present in the seeds and a reduction in abnormal seedlings compared to the control. There was no significant difference between the variables tested for plant elicitation.
尖孢镰刀菌是番茄枯萎病的病原菌。控制这种疾病最常见的方法是通过种子化学处理。然而，目前的工作提出了一种替代方法，通过精油熏蒸技术。病原菌尖孢镰刀菌通过接触孢子化的 Petri®平板接种在有机樱桃番茄种子上。然后，将种子放在不锈钢坩埚中，在盖子上贴有 1.0 x 1.0 厘米的滤纸，并保持 24 小时。该滤纸接收 20 µL 的每种精油：茶树、奇亚、香茅、薰衣草、茴芹罗勒、丁香罗勒和去离子水作为对照。这个过程被称为“精油熏蒸种子”。在此过程之后，在带有 Germitest®纸的发芽盒中进行发芽试验，以验证变量发芽速度指数（GSI）、发芽率（G%）和平均发芽时间（MGT）。在含有 PDA 培养基的 Petri®平板上验证了菌丝生长。通过扫描电子显微镜观察含有菌丝生长的平板，以验证病原菌菌丝的形态可能受到损害。茶树精油对植物病原菌的抑制作用最大。因此，对这种特定的油进行了新的测试。在发芽盒中，进行了发芽率（G%）、异常苗计数（ASC）和带有菌丝生长的苗的百分比的测试。此外，还通过分析几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶和总蛋白对番茄幼苗进行了植物激发试验。所有试验均采用完全随机设计，重复 4 次。所有数据均进行了 Lilliefors 正态性检验，然后进行方差分析和 Tukey 的 HSD（5%显著水平）均值比较。结果发现，茶树精油抑制了尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝生长，而不影响樱桃番茄种子的发芽。对该油进行的后续测试还表明，与对照相比，种子中存在的菌丝减少，异常苗减少。在植物激发的测试变量中没有发现显著差异。
