Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands , Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands , Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Dec 12;11(6):e0086523. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00865-23. Epub 2023 Nov 1.
The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. We investigated immunity assessed with antibody and T-cell responses under different scenarios in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without Omicron infection. We found that the humoral response was higher among vaccinated-naïve than unvaccinated convalescent. Unvaccinated with and without infection had comparable low humoral responses, whereas vaccinated with a second or third dose, independent of infection status, had increasingly higher levels. Only a minor fraction of unvaccinated individuals had detectable humoral responses following Omicron infection, while almost all had positive T-cell responses. In conclusion, primary Omicron infection mounts a low humoral immune response, enhanced by prior vaccination. Omicron infection induced a robust T-cell response in both unvaccinated and vaccinated, demonstrating that immune evasion of primary Omicron infection affects humoral immunity more than T-cell immunity.
人们对感染 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株后的免疫反应了解甚少。我们研究了接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体在不同情况下，通过抗体和 T 细胞反应评估的免疫情况，这些个体有无奥密克戎感染。我们发现，与未接种的恢复期患者相比，接种疫苗但未经感染的个体的体液免疫反应更高。无论是否感染，未接种疫苗的个体的体液免疫反应都较低，而接种了第二剂或第三剂疫苗的个体，无论感染状况如何，其体液免疫反应水平都逐渐升高。只有一小部分未接种疫苗的个体在感染奥密克戎后出现可检测到的体液免疫反应，而几乎所有个体都有阳性的 T 细胞反应。总之，初次奥密克戎感染会引发低水平的体液免疫反应，而先前接种疫苗会增强这种反应。奥密克戎感染在未接种和接种疫苗的个体中均诱导出强烈的 T 细胞反应，这表明奥密克戎初次感染的免疫逃逸对体液免疫的影响大于对 T 细胞免疫的影响。
