Zhang Yongqiang, Li Congcong, Chiew Francis H S, Post David A, Zhang Xuanze, Ma Ning, Tian Jing, Kong Dongdong, Leung L Ruby, Yu Qiang, Shi Jiancheng, Liu Changming
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Science. 2023 Nov 3;382(6670):579-584. doi: 10.1126/science.adh0716. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble of observations, we quantified global land water availability over the past two decades. We show that the Southern Hemisphere has dominated the declining trend in global water availability from 2001 to 2020. The significant decrease occurs mainly in South America, southwestern Africa, and northwestern Australia. In the Northern Hemisphere, the complex regional increasing and decreasing trends cancel each other, resulting in a negligible hemispheric trend. The variability and trend in water availability in the Southern Hemisphere are largely driven by precipitation associated with climate modes, particularly the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This study highlights their dominant role in controlling global water availability.
全球陆地水支撑着生计、社会经济发展和生态系统。近几十年来水资源可用性如何变化仍不清楚。利用一系列观测数据，我们量化了过去二十年全球陆地水资源可用性。我们表明，2001年至2020年期间，南半球主导了全球水资源可用性的下降趋势。显著减少主要发生在南美洲、非洲西南部和澳大利亚西北部。在北半球，复杂的区域增减趋势相互抵消，导致半球趋势可忽略不计。南半球水资源可用性的变化性和趋势在很大程度上受与气候模式相关的降水驱动，特别是厄尔尼诺-南方涛动。本研究突出了它们在控制全球水资源可用性方面的主导作用。
