Ito Ken R, Sato Tomonori, Goto Hiro, Sato Katsuyoshi, Watanabe Jun, Yokoo Masaki
Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita-City 010-0195, Japan.
Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, Akita-City 010-1623, Japan.
J Poult Sci. 2022 Jul 25;59(3):247-259. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0210087.
Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or "lees" (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-1 and avian -defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.
食品损失和浪费（FLW）的不断增加是一个全球性问题，人们正在努力将废弃食物用作潜在的牲畜饲料原料。日本的自给饲料量低于其他国家，政府建议将食品损失和浪费用于动物饲料。清酒（日本米酒）是一种传统酒精饮料。在清酒酿造过程中，会产生大量压榨固体或“酒糟”（清酒糟）。清酒糟营养丰富且具有功能性，但容易变质。在本研究中，我们调查了清酒糟应立即与动物饲料混合还是干燥后混合。为了评估清酒糟作为家禽饲料成分的实用性，并确定清酒糟对肠道免疫力的影响，我们进行了一项饲养试验，设置了三种处理：生清酒糟（RSL）日粮、干清酒糟（DSL）日粮和对照日粮。三周龄的肉鸡喂食这些日粮（每组 = 8只），持续两周。然后我们计算饲料效率，并进行逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）以评估日粮对肠道免疫力的影响。RSL日粮组的生长性能与对照日粮组相当。DSL日粮使肉鸡难以食用，导致生长性能下降。与对照日粮组的肉鸡相比，RSL日粮组肉鸡回肠中转化生长因子-1（TGF-1）和禽β-防御素（AvBD）12的mRNA表达水平显著升高（P<0.05），并且观察到这两个基因之间存在显著相关性（P<0.05）。我们的结果表明，清酒糟不应干燥，应立即与饲料混合，并且这种清酒糟喂给鸡时会激活肠道免疫力。然而，清酒糟的脂肪含量低于玉米，因此将清酒糟与高能饲料结合很重要。
