Amd Micah
University of the South Pacific, Vanuatu.
Behav Processes. 2023 Nov;213:104965. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104965. Epub 2023 Nov 4.
Across three experiments, participants underwent conditioning sequences where the self-referential term I AM (Conditioned Stimulus, or CS+) or a scrambled counterpart M IA (CS-) was paired with either neutral (Unconditioned Stimulus, or US-) or positive attributes (US+). CS and US were presented under subliminal and/or visible conditions. A normalized indicator of affective shift and an explicit self-esteem measure were deployed as outcome measures. In Experiment 1 (N = 60), subliminal CS+ followed by visible US+ produced a significant affective shift only. Experiment 2 (N = 59) presented CS and US under subliminal conditions, which did not influence either outcome measure. In Experiment 3 (N = 60), visible CS appeared with visible US, which resulted in a significant effect on explicit self-esteem only. These findings highlight the central roles of CS and/or US visibility towards influencing reported affect and self-esteem. We theorize that configural components of subliminally presented stimuli can become perceptually encoded and influence self-related affect non-consciously.
在三个实验中，参与者经历了条件作用序列，其中自我指涉词“我是”（条件刺激，或CS+）或一个打乱顺序的对应词“M IA”（CS-）与中性（非条件刺激，或US-）或积极属性（US+）配对。CS和US在阈下和/或可见条件下呈现。情感转变的标准化指标和明确的自尊测量作为结果指标。在实验1（N = 60）中，阈下CS+后接可见US+仅产生了显著的情感转变。实验2（N = 59）在阈下条件下呈现CS和US，这对两个结果指标均无影响。在实验3（N = 60）中，可见CS与可见US同时出现，这仅对明确的自尊产生了显著影响。这些发现凸显了CS和/或US的可见性在影响报告的情感和自尊方面的核心作用。我们推测，阈下呈现刺激的构型成分可以被感知编码，并在无意识中影响与自我相关的情感。
