Dijksterhuis Ap
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Feb;86(2):345-55. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.345.
On the basis of a conceptualization of implicit self-esteem as the implicit attitude toward the self, it was predicted that implicit self-esteem could be enhanced by subliminal evaluative conditioning. In 5 experiments, participants were repeatedly presented with trials in which the word I was paired with positive trait terms. Relative to control conditions, this procedure enhanced implicit self-esteem. The effects generalized across 3 measures of implicit self-esteem (Experiments 1-3). Furthermore, evaluative conditioning enhanced implicit self-esteem among people with low-temporal implicit self-esteem and among people with high-temporal implicit self-esteem (Experiment 4). In addition, it was shown that conditioning enhanced self-esteem to such an extent that it made participants insensitive to negative intelligence feedback (Experiments 5a and 5b). Various implications are discussed.
基于将内隐自尊概念化为对自我的内隐态度，研究预测通过阈下评价性条件作用可以增强内隐自尊。在5个实验中，参与者被反复进行这样的试验：单词“我”与积极特质词配对呈现。相对于控制条件，这一程序增强了内隐自尊。这些效应在3种内隐自尊测量方法中都得到了验证（实验1 - 3）。此外，评价性条件作用在低时间内隐自尊者和高时间内隐自尊者中都增强了内隐自尊（实验4）。另外，研究表明条件作用增强自尊的程度足以使参与者对负面智力反馈不敏感（实验5a和5b）。文中讨论了各种相关影响。
