Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2024 Feb;48(2):240-246. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01405-2. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity rates have increased in recent years. The effectiveness of future public health interventions to reduce childhood obesity will be enhanced by a better understanding of behavioral factors that influence adiposity in children as they transition from childhood to adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine whether initial weight status modifies the longitudinal associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with changes in adiposity over time.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 658 children (45% boys) were stratified into 3 groups based on 5th grade BMI percentiles ( < 85th, 85-95th, > 95th) and followed from 5th grade to 6th and/or 7th grade. Study variables, including fat-mass-index (FMI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), diet quality, and sedentary behavior, were measured at 5th, 6th, and/or 7th grades. Separate growth curve models were conducted within each weight status group to examine the associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and adiposity, operationalized as FMI. All models controlled for sex, maturity offset, race, and parent education.
Of the 658 children, 53% were classified with normal weight at baseline, 18% with overweight, and 29% with obesity. Associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and FMI varied within each weight status group. MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) for all weight status groups. Diet quality and sedentary behavior were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither diet quality nor sedentary behavior was associated with FMI for those with overweight.
MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) in all weight status groups, suggesting that MVPA may protect against higher adiposity. Sedentary behavior and diet quality were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither sedentary behavior nor diet quality was associated with FMI for children with overweight.
背景/目的：近年来，儿童肥胖率有所上升。通过更好地了解影响儿童从童年到青春期过渡期间肥胖的行为因素，未来公共卫生干预措施减少儿童肥胖的效果将得到增强。本研究的目的是检验初始体重状况是否会改变身体活动、久坐行为和饮食质量与随时间变化的肥胖变化之间的纵向关联。
受试者/方法：根据五年级 BMI 百分位数（ < 85 岁、85-95 岁、> 95 岁）将 658 名儿童（45%为男孩）分为 3 组，并从五年级随访至六年级和/或七年级。在五年级、六年级和/或七年级测量了研究变量，包括脂肪量指数（FMI）、中高强度体力活动（MVPA）、饮食质量和久坐行为。在每个体重状况组内进行了单独的增长曲线模型，以检验 MVPA、久坐行为、饮食质量与肥胖的关联，肥胖以 FMI 表示。所有模型均控制了性别、成熟度偏移、种族和父母教育。
在 658 名儿童中，53%的儿童在基线时被归类为正常体重，18%为超重，29%为肥胖。MVPA、久坐行为、饮食质量与 FMI 之间的关联在每个体重状况组内均有所不同。MVPA 与所有体重状况组的肥胖（FMI）呈负相关。饮食质量和久坐行为仅与基线时肥胖的儿童的肥胖相关；超重儿童的饮食质量和久坐行为与 FMI 均无关联。
MVPA 与所有体重状况组的肥胖（FMI）呈负相关，表明 MVPA 可能有助于预防更高的肥胖。在基线时肥胖的儿童中，久坐行为和饮食质量与肥胖相关；超重儿童的饮食质量和久坐行为与 FMI 均无关联。
