Smith A P, Miles C
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(1):83-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00377682.
An experimental study of the effects of noise, nightwork and meals showed that these factors influenced different aspects of performance. Speed of performing a low memory load version of a visual search task was influenced by working at night but was unaffected by either noise or meals. A high memory load version of the search task was performed more slowly after consumption of a meal, both during the day and at night, but was not influenced by nightwork. Subjects working in noise produced more errors on the high memory load task than those working in quiet, but neither nightwork nor meals had significant effects on the number of errors. The only evidence of an interaction between factors was obtained in the high memory load search task, where noise reduced the size of the post-meal decline in speed. These results show that the effects of noise, nightwork and meals are largely independent, the exception being the beneficial effect of noise on post-lunch performance. They also demonstrate that the effects of all of these factors depend on the nature of the task being performed, and on whether speed or accuracy is the variable under consideration.
一项关于噪音、夜间工作和饮食影响的实验研究表明，这些因素会影响工作表现的不同方面。执行视觉搜索任务低记忆负荷版本的速度受夜间工作影响，但不受噪音或饮食影响。无论是白天还是晚上，在进食后执行搜索任务的高记忆负荷版本时速度会更慢，但不受夜间工作影响。在噪音环境中工作的受试者在高记忆负荷任务上比在安静环境中工作的受试者产生更多错误，但夜间工作和饮食对错误数量均无显著影响。在高记忆负荷搜索任务中获得了因素之间相互作用的唯一证据，即噪音减小了进食后速度下降的幅度。这些结果表明，噪音、夜间工作和饮食的影响在很大程度上是相互独立的，唯一的例外是噪音对午餐后表现的有益影响。它们还表明，所有这些因素的影响取决于所执行任务的性质，以及所考虑的变量是速度还是准确性。
