Lu Si-Min, Vannoy Kathryn J, Dick Jeffrey E, Long Yi-Tao
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
J Am Chem Soc. 2023 Nov 22;145(46):25043-25055. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c07374. Epub 2023 Nov 7.
Most relevant systems of interest to modern chemists rarely consist of a single phase. Real-world problems that require a rigorous understanding of chemical reactivity in multiple phases include the development of wearable and implantable biosensors, efficient fuel cells, single cell metabolic characterization techniques, and solar energy conversion devices. Within all of these systems, confinement effects at the nanoscale influence the chemical reaction coordinate. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the nanoconfinement effects of chemistry in multiphase environments is paramount. Electrochemistry is inherently a multiphase measurement tool reporting on a charged species traversing a phase boundary. Over the past 50 years, electrochemistry has witnessed astounding growth. Subpicoampere current measurements are routine, as is the study of single molecules and nanoparticles. This Perspective focuses on three nanoelectrochemical techniques to study multiphase chemistry under nanoconfinement: stochastic collision electrochemistry, single nanodroplet electrochemistry, and nanopore electrochemistry.
现代化学家感兴趣的大多数相关体系很少由单一相组成。需要严格理解多相化学反应活性的实际问题包括可穿戴和可植入生物传感器的开发、高效燃料电池、单细胞代谢表征技术以及太阳能转换装置。在所有这些体系中，纳米尺度的限域效应会影响化学反应坐标。因此，从根本上理解多相环境中化学的纳米限域效应至关重要。电化学本质上是一种多相测量工具，用于报告带电物种穿越相界的情况。在过去50年里，电化学取得了惊人的发展。亚皮安电流测量已成为常规操作，单分子和纳米颗粒的研究也是如此。本综述聚焦于三种纳米电化学技术，以研究纳米限域下的多相化学：随机碰撞电化学、单纳米滴电化学和纳米孔电化学。
