The HLA system in the Korean population.

The frequencies of HLA-A, B, C, DR, and DQ antigens, HLA-D (HTC-defined) haplotypes, and the HLA-linked genetic markers glyoxalase I (GLO), factor B (Bf), C2 and C4 were studied in 162 healthy unrelated Koreans. Antigens A2, A24, A26, B44, B51, Bw62, B35, Cw1, Cw3, DR2, DR4, DRw6, DR7, and DRw8 were observed at frequencies of 15% or greater, and GLO-2, BfS, C4A3, C2C, C4A4, C4B1, and C4B2 were also frequently observed. The antigens A23, A25, B18, Bw42, Bw47, and B21 were not observed at all. HLA-DR4 was the most common class II antigen and was associated with a series of HLA-D-defined haplotypes including Dw4, Dw10, Dw13, and Dw15. The HLA-DRw6, DR2,Dw8, and DRw8 haplotypes were also found frequently. DR2 haplotypes were either Dw2 or Dw12, while all DRw8 haplotypes tested corresponded to the DB7 or Dw "8.3" specificity that has been described in other Oriental populations. Significant linkage disequilibrium was found between the alleles A2,Cw1; A30,B13; A30,Cw6; A30,DR7; Cw1,Bw22; Cw5,B12; Cw6,B13; Cw6,DR7; B7,DR1; B12,Dw6; B12,DR7; B12,Dw7; B13,DR7, B17,DR3; Bw22,C4B6; DRw6,BfF; and C4A4,C4B*2. A comparison of gene frequencies and commonly observed haplotypes between Koreans, Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasians showed that while Koreans share several characteristics in common with other Oriental populations, there are allelic frequencies and haplotypes in Koreans that are distinct.