Pandey Himani, Jain Dheeraj, Tang Daryl W T, Wong Sunny H, Lal Devi
Redcliffe Labs, Noida, India.
School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Intest Res. 2024 Jan;22(1):15-43. doi: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080. Epub 2023 Nov 8.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种多因素疾病，被认为是遗传、环境、微生物群和免疫介导因素之间相互作用的结果。由抗生素和饮食引起的肠道微生物组成失调与IBD的发生和发展密切相关。已发现IBD患者与健康个体之间肠道微生物群组成存在差异，IBD患者共生微生物的生物多样性降低，机会性微生物定植。因此，肠道微生物群有可能用于IBD的诊断、预后评估以及预测其治疗反应。目前，IBD尚无治愈性疗法。基于微生物群的干预措施，包括益生菌、益生元、合生元和粪便微生物群移植，已被认为是有前景的治疗策略。临床研究和在动物模型中进行的研究提供了充分的证据，表明基于微生物群的干预措施可能改善IBD的炎症、缓解率和微观表现。需要进一步研究以更好地理解此类干预措施的作用机制。这将有助于提高其有效性并开发个性化疗法。本综述总结了肠道微生物群与IBD免疫发病机制之间的关系。它还讨论了将肠道微生物群用作非侵入性生物标志物和潜在治疗选择的情况。
