Hurtig M B, Fretz P B
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1986 Nov 15;189(10):1314-21.
The radiocarpal and middle carpal joints of 4 clinically normal horses and 24 necropsy specimens were examined with an arthroscope to describe the topographic anatomy of these joints. The carpal bones of the radiocarpal joint had congruent articular surfaces in extension, but carpal flexion resulted in a stairstep between the radial and intermediate carpal bones. The variable surface anatomy, as well as the restricted synovial space and the technical limitations of the arthroscope, contributed to the need for more than one arthroscopic approach to the radiocarpal joint to ensure a thorough examination. The middle carpal joint's hinge-like biomechanics resulted in a spacious synovial cavity that was more amenable to arthroscopic examination. Careful planning was necessary to ensure that areas of interest were distant from the arthroscope-insertion site to allow the best perspective possible. The lateral approach to the middle carpal joint provided the best viewing of both facets of the intermediate and third carpal bones as well as the dorsal rim of the radial carpal bone. The medial approach did not allow complete inspection of these areas.
使用关节镜对4匹临床正常马的桡腕关节和腕中关节以及24个尸检标本进行检查，以描述这些关节的局部解剖结构。桡腕关节的腕骨在伸展时关节面相互匹配，但腕关节屈曲时，桡骨和中间腕骨之间会出现阶梯状。可变的表面解剖结构、有限的滑膜间隙以及关节镜的技术限制，使得需要采用不止一种关节镜入路来检查桡腕关节，以确保全面检查。腕中关节类似铰链的生物力学特性导致其滑膜腔宽敞，更适合关节镜检查。必须仔细规划，以确保感兴趣的区域远离关节镜插入部位，从而获得最佳视野。腕中关节的外侧入路能最佳地观察中间腕骨和第三腕骨的两个关节面以及桡腕骨的背侧边缘。内侧入路无法完全检查这些区域。
