Peters Judith, Oliva Rosario, Caliò Antonino, Oger Philippe, Winter Roland
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, 140 rue de la physique, 38400 St Martin d'Hères, France.
Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Chem Rev. 2023 Dec 13;123(23):13441-13488. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00432. Epub 2023 Nov 9.
The extent of the effect of cellular crowding and cosolutes on the functioning of proteins and cells is manifold and includes the stabilization of the biomolecular systems, the excluded volume effect, and the modulation of molecular dynamics. Simultaneously, it is becoming increasingly clear how important it is to take the environment into account if we are to shed light on biological function under various external conditions. Many biosystems thrive under extreme conditions, including the deep sea and subseafloor crust, and can take advantage of some of the effects of crowding. These relationships have been studied in recent years using various biophysical techniques, including neutron and X-ray scattering, calorimetry, FTIR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Combining knowledge of the structure and conformational dynamics of biomolecules under extreme conditions, such as temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and high salinity, we highlight the importance of considering all results in the context of the environment. Here we discuss crowding and cosolute effects on proteins, nucleic acids, membranes, and live cells and explain how it is possible to experimentally separate crowding-induced effects from other influences. Such findings will contribute to a better understanding of the homeoviscous adaptation of organisms and the limits of life in general.
细胞拥挤和共溶质对蛋白质及细胞功能的影响是多方面的，包括生物分子系统的稳定、排除体积效应以及分子动力学的调节。与此同时，越来越明显的是，如果我们要阐明各种外部条件下的生物学功能，考虑环境因素是多么重要。许多生物系统在极端条件下蓬勃发展，包括深海和海底地壳，并能利用拥挤的一些效应。近年来，人们使用各种生物物理技术研究了这些关系，包括中子和X射线散射、量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱。结合在极端条件下（如温度、高静水压力和高盐度）生物分子的结构和构象动力学知识，我们强调了在环境背景下考虑所有结果的重要性。在这里，我们讨论拥挤和共溶质对蛋白质、核酸、膜和活细胞的影响，并解释如何通过实验将拥挤诱导的效应与其他影响区分开来。这些发现将有助于更好地理解生物体的同粘性适应以及生命的一般极限。
