University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
Glob Public Health. 2023 Jan;18(1):2278873. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2278873. Epub 2023 Nov 9.
Sex workers have been demonstrated to have increased vulnerabilities to HIV and a high population prevalence of the disease. Despite their increased risk, sex workers have been underrepresented in molecular epidemiology studies assessing HIV in Mesoamerica. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and phylogenetic profile of HIV-1 within a cohort of HIV-positive female sex workers (FSW) situated at the Guatemala-Mexico border. HIV viral sequences were collected from a cohort of FSW ≥18 years of age from San Marcos, Guatemala (n = 6) and compared to viral sequences collected as part of the Mesoamerican Drug Resistance Monitoring Programme to assess HIV viral diversity in Mexico and Guatemala ( = 3956). All of the FSW sampled were determined to have genetically unrelated HIV infections, suggesting multiple introductions of the virus and/or the potential existence of populations not captured by current surveillance efforts. Many reported numerous vulnerabilities that may have heightened their risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV through sex work activities. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that national surveillance programmes may not fully capture the viral diversity among FSW and their clients within this region. Additional research is needed to fully capture HIV diversity and transmission in Mesoamerica, especially in the Guatemala-Mexico border region.
性工作者被证明易感染艾滋病毒，且该人群中艾滋病的发病率较高。尽管性工作者面临更高的风险，但在评估中美洲艾滋病毒的分子流行病学研究中，性工作者的代表性不足。本研究旨在描述位于危地马拉-墨西哥边境的一组艾滋病毒阳性性工作者（FSW）的社会人口统计学特征和 HIV-1 的系统发育特征。从危地马拉圣马科斯的一个年龄在 18 岁及以上的 FSW 队列中收集了 HIV 病毒序列（n=6），并与中美洲耐药监测计划中收集的病毒序列进行了比较，以评估墨西哥和危地马拉的 HIV 病毒多样性（n=3956）。所有被采样的 FSW 均被确定为具有遗传上无关的 HIV 感染，这表明病毒有多次传入，或者存在当前监测工作未捕获的人群。许多人报告了许多可能使其通过性工作活动感染和传播 HIV 的风险因素。我们的系统发育分析表明，国家监测计划可能无法完全捕捉到该地区 FSW 及其客户中的 HIV 病毒多样性。需要进一步的研究来全面了解中美洲，特别是危地马拉-墨西哥边境地区的 HIV 多样性和传播。
