Tedeschi J T, Gaes G G, Norman N, Melburg V
J Gen Psychol. 1986 Oct;113(4):309-28. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1986.9711042.
Two experiments evaluated the competing interpretations of cognitive dissonance and impression management theories regarding the pill and misattribution studies of attitude change in the forced compliance situation. Attitude change was eliminated when subjects were told about the tension side effects of taking a placebo, replicating the usual effect. Attitude change was also eliminated, however, when subjects took the pill following counterattitudinal behavior. In one condition of the second experiment, subjects were given instructions about tension side effects but were also told that the drug would not affect their moral judgment or behavior. These instructions eliminated attitude change in a standard pill condition. The typical finding of attitude change was manifested in the misattribution/no-excuse condition. The primary and secondary data from both studies provided more support for the impression management interpretation of the standard misattribution manipulations than for a theory of misattribution of dissonance-produced arousal.
两项实验评估了认知失调理论和印象管理理论对于强迫服从情境下态度改变的药丸及错误归因研究的不同解释。当告知受试者服用安慰剂会有紧张的副作用时，态度改变消失了，这重复了通常的效果。然而，当受试者在做出与态度相悖的行为后服用药丸时，态度改变也消失了。在第二个实验的一种条件下，受试者被告知紧张的副作用，但同时也被告知药物不会影响他们的道德判断或行为。这些说明在标准药丸条件下消除了态度改变。态度改变的典型发现出现在错误归因/无借口条件下。两项研究的主要和次要数据为标准错误归因操作的印象管理解释提供了比失调产生的唤醒错误归因理论更多的支持。
