Department of Communication, University of Utah, 201 Presidents' Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2023 Dec;54:101714. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101714. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
This review explores psychological barriers to the acceptance of expert guidance. Specifically, the constructs of epistemic overconfidence, institutional distrust, anti-expert sentiments, anti-establishment orientations, science populism, and conspiracist worldviews are jointly considered as orientations to expertise. I review the state of the literature on their origins, prevalence, and effects on misinformation endorsement and acceptance of corrections. Addressing these psychological barriers requires building trust in institutions, backed by transparent communication and the involvement of community-based, non-expert messengers. As the review synthesizes disparate research strands, it underscores the need for future studies to compare, validate, and consolidate different orientations to expertise, understand causal relationships, and explore generalizability to diverse contexts.
这篇综述探讨了对专家指导的接受所面临的心理障碍。具体来说，本研究将认识自信过度、制度不信任、反专家情绪、反建制倾向、科学民粹主义和阴谋世界观等概念视为对专业知识的态度，并共同进行了考察。本文综述了这些态度的起源、普遍性，以及它们对错误信息认可和纠正信息接受的影响。要解决这些心理障碍，需要在透明沟通的支持下，建立对机构的信任，并让社区非专业信息传播者参与其中。由于本综述综合了不同的研究线索，因此强调了未来研究需要比较、验证和整合不同的专业知识态度，理解因果关系，并探索在不同背景下的普遍性。
