Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Eurofins Environment Denmark, Ladelundvej 85, DK-6600, Vejen, Denmark.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Dec;30(57):121107-121123. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30331-z. Epub 2023 Nov 10.
This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of micropollutants in wastewater related to catchment area, and their environmental risks and fate. About 24-h flow proportional effluent (n = 26) wastewater samples were collected from eight WWTPs across Denmark. From five of these WWTPs corresponding influent samples (n = 20) were collected. Samples were enriched by multi-layer solid phase and analysed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. We detected and quantified 79 micropollutants from a list of 291 micropollutants in at least one influent or effluent wastewater sample. From this we found that 54 micropollutants decreased in concentrations during wastewater treatment, while O-desmethylvenlafaxine, carbamazepine, amitriptyline, benzothiazole, terbutryn, and citalopram increased in concentrations through the WWTP.The toxicity of effluent wastewater samples was assessed by EC50 using Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata) and LC50 using the crustacean Daphnia magna (D. Magna), for which six micropollutants were detected above the predicted no-effect concentration. Our study demonstrates that catchment area influences the micropollutant composition of wastewater. Out of 19 pharmaceuticals, the measured concentration in influent wastewater was predicted within a factor of 10 from sale numbers and human excretion, which demonstrates the strong influence of catchment area on micropollutant composition.
本研究旨在调查与集水区相关的废水中的微污染物的空间分布及其环境风险和归宿。从丹麦 8 个污水处理厂采集了约 24 小时流量比例的出水（n=26）废水样本。从其中 5 个污水处理厂采集了相应的进水样本（n=20）。样品通过多层固相进行富集，并用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱和综合二维气相色谱-高分辨率质谱检测进行分析。我们从至少一个进水或出水废水样本中检测并定量了 79 种 291 种微污染物清单中的微污染物。从中我们发现，54 种微污染物在污水处理过程中浓度降低，而 O-去甲文拉法辛、卡马西平、阿米替林、苯并噻唑、特丁津和西酞普兰在通过污水处理厂的过程中浓度增加。采用莱茵衣藻（R. subcapitata）的 EC50 和水蚤（D. Magna）的 LC50 评估了出水废水样品的毒性，有 6 种微污染物的浓度超过了预测无效应浓度。我们的研究表明，集水区会影响废水的微污染物组成。在 19 种药物中，进水废水中的测量浓度与销售量和人体排泄量的预测值在 10 倍以内，这表明集水区对微污染物组成有很强的影响。
