Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Dec;38(12):1809-1821. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4929. Epub 2023 Dec 10.
Dietary interventions designed to examine the role of nutrition on childhood bone accrual have often focused on the role of individual micronutrients (eg, calcium, vitamin D, and zinc) and macronutrients (eg, protein). The osteogenic benefits of whole foods, such as eggs, are not well understood despite eggs being a source of high-quality nutrients and bioactive compounds known to positively influence bone. A significant positive cross-sectional association between whole egg consumption and tibia cortical bone mass has recently been shown in young children; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been conducted. This study is a double-blind RCT in male and female children ages 9-13 years of different ancestries, designed to determine if consuming food products with whole eggs (equivalent to 8-10 eggs/wk) versus foods with milk or gelatin (placebo) over a 9-month period will improve measures of bone strength. Total body less head (TBLH) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA Z-scores were computed using published pediatric growth charts and were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). Mid-tibia cortical volumetric BMD, BMC, cortical area, total bone area, cortical thickness, and strength strain index were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Overall, there were no significant intervention effects for any bone outcomes. The increase in spine BMC Z-score in the egg group versus the gelatin group approached significance (p = 0.07). Significant time effects in TBLH aBMD Z-score occurred as all groups decreased over 9 months (p < 0.03). Most tibia cortical bone outcomes increased over time (all p < 0.02), but changes did not differ across intervention groups. Whole eggs provide important nutritional benefits for children, but the bone responses to consumption of 8-10 eggs/wk over a period of 9 months in children entering the early stages of puberty were small. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
旨在研究营养对儿童骨骼生长的作用的饮食干预措施，通常侧重于单个微量营养素（例如钙、维生素 D 和锌）和宏量营养素（例如蛋白质）的作用。尽管鸡蛋是高质量营养物质和生物活性化合物的来源，这些物质已知对骨骼有积极影响，但人们对鸡蛋等全食物的成骨益处了解甚少。最近的一项研究表明，在幼儿中，全蛋摄入与胫骨皮质骨量之间存在显著的正横断面关联；然而，尚未进行随机对照试验 (RCT)。这项研究是一项针对不同种族的 9-13 岁男性和女性儿童的双盲 RCT，旨在确定在 9 个月的时间内食用含有全蛋（相当于每周 8-10 个鸡蛋）的食品与食用含牛奶或明胶（安慰剂）的食品相比，是否会改善骨骼强度的测量指标。使用双能 X 射线吸收法 (DXA) 评估全身（不包括头部）(TBLH) 和腰椎骨矿物质含量 (BMC) 和面积骨矿物质密度 (aBMD)。使用公布的儿科生长图表计算 DXA Z 评分，并根据身高年龄 Z 评分 (HAZ) 进行调整。使用外周定量计算机断层扫描 (pQCT) 测量胫骨中段皮质体积 BMD、BMC、皮质面积、总骨面积、皮质厚度和强度应变指数。总体而言，任何骨骼结果均无显著干预作用。与明胶组相比，鸡蛋组的脊柱 BMC Z 评分增加接近显著（p=0.07）。9 个月期间，所有组的 TBLH aBMD Z 评分均呈显著时间效应（p<0.03）。大多数胫骨皮质骨结果随时间增加（均 p<0.02），但干预组之间没有变化。全蛋为儿童提供了重要的营养益处，但在青春期早期的儿童中，连续 9 个月每周食用 8-10 个鸡蛋对骨骼的反应很小。
