Peng Yuan, Zong Yanjun, Wang Dongfeng, Chen Junbing, Chen Zhe-Sheng, Peng Fujun, Liu Zhijun
School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 26;14:1294966. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294966. eCollection 2023.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in latently infected CD4T cells and integrates with the host genome until cell death. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with HIV-1. Possibly, treating HIV/AIDS is an essential but challenging clinical goal. This review provides a detailed account of the types and mechanisms of monotherapy and combination therapy against HIV-1 and describes nanoparticle and hydrogel delivery systems. In particular, the recently developed capsid inhibitor (Lenacapavir) and the Ainuovirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine combination (ACC008) are described. It is interestingly to note that the lack of the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 3 (SERINC3) and the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) may be one of the reasons for the enhanced infectivity of HIV-1. This discovery of SERINC3 and SERINC5 provides new ideas for HIV-1 medication development. Therefore, we believe that in treating AIDS, antiviral medications should be rationally selected for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Attention should be paid to the research and development of new drugs to predict HIV mutations as accurately as possible and to develop immune antibodies to provide multiple guarantees for the cure of AIDS.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）潜伏在受感染的CD4T细胞中，并与宿主基因组整合，直至细胞死亡。获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）与HIV-1有关。治疗HIV/AIDS可能是一个重要但具有挑战性的临床目标。本综述详细介绍了抗HIV-1单一疗法和联合疗法的类型及机制，并描述了纳米颗粒和水凝胶递送系统。特别介绍了最近开发的衣壳抑制剂（伦那卡帕韦）和阿尼伏韦/替诺福韦酯富马酸盐/拉米夫定组合（ACC008）。有趣的是，缺乏多次跨膜蛋白丝氨酸整合蛋白3（SERINC3）和多次跨膜蛋白丝氨酸整合蛋白5（SERINC5）可能是HIV-1传染性增强的原因之一。SERINC3和SERINC5的这一发现为HIV-1药物研发提供了新思路。因此，我们认为在治疗艾滋病时，应合理选择抗病毒药物进行暴露前和暴露后预防，以避免耐药性的出现。应重视新药研发，尽可能准确预测HIV突变，并开发免疫抗体，为治愈艾滋病提供多重保障。
