Harshithkumar R, Shah Prachibahen, Jadaun Pratiksha, Mukherjee Anupam
Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research, Pune 411026, India.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Aug 14;46(8):8852-8873. doi: 10.3390/cimb46080523.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely regarded as signaling molecules and play essential roles in various cellular processes, but when present in excess, they can lead to oxidative stress (OS). Growing evidence suggests that the OS plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and is associated with several comorbidities in HIV-infected individuals. ROS, generated both naturally during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and as a response to various cellular processes, can trigger host antiviral responses but can also promote viral replication. While the multifaceted roles of ROS in HIV pathophysiology clearly need more investigation, this review paper unravels the mechanisms of OS generation in the context of HIV infections, offering insights into HIV viral protein-mediated and antiretroviral therapy-generated OS. Though the viral protein Tat is significantly attributed to the endogenous cellular increase in ROS post HIV infection, this paper sums up the contribution of other viral proteins in HIV-mediated elicitation of ROS. Given the investigations recognizing the significant role of ROS in the onset and progression of diverse pathologies, the paper also explores the critical function of ROS in the mediation of an of array of pathologies associated with HIV infection and retroviral therapy. HIV patients are observed with disruption to the antioxidant defense system, the antioxidant therapy is gaining focus as a potential therapeutic intervention and is well discussed. While ROS play a significant role in the HIV scenario, further exploratory studies are imperative to identifying alternative therapeutic strategies that could mitigate the toxicities and pathologies associated with ART-induced OS.
活性氧（ROS）被广泛认为是信号分子，在各种细胞过程中发挥着重要作用，但当过量存在时，它们会导致氧化应激（OS）。越来越多的证据表明，氧化应激在HIV感染的发病机制中起关键作用，并与HIV感染者的几种合并症相关。ROS既在线粒体氧化代谢过程中自然产生，也作为对各种细胞过程的反应而产生，它可以触发宿主的抗病毒反应，但也可以促进病毒复制。虽然ROS在HIV病理生理学中的多方面作用显然需要更多的研究，但这篇综述文章揭示了在HIV感染情况下氧化应激产生的机制，深入探讨了HIV病毒蛋白介导的和抗逆转录病毒疗法产生的氧化应激。尽管病毒蛋白Tat在HIV感染后细胞内ROS的内源性增加中起重要作用，但本文总结了其他病毒蛋白在HIV介导的ROS诱导中的作用。鉴于研究认识到ROS在多种疾病的发生和发展中起重要作用，本文还探讨了ROS在介导一系列与HIV感染和逆转录病毒疗法相关的疾病中的关键作用。观察到HIV患者的抗氧化防御系统受到破坏，抗氧化疗法作为一种潜在的治疗干预措施正受到关注，并进行了充分讨论。虽然ROS在HIV感染情况中起重要作用，但进一步的探索性研究对于确定可以减轻与抗逆转录病毒疗法诱导的氧化应激相关的毒性和疾病的替代治疗策略至关重要。
