Farkas Amy H, Nattinger Ann B
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.H.F., A.B.N.).
Ann Intern Med. 2023 Nov;176(11):ITC161-ITC176. doi: 10.7326/AITC202311210. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among U.S. women and its incidence increases with age. Endogenous estrogen exposure, proliferative benign breast disease, breast density, and family history may also indicate increased risk for breast cancer. Early detection with screening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality, but the net benefits vary by age. Assessing a patient's individual breast cancer risk can guide decisions regarding breast cancer screening. All women benefit from healthy behaviors which may reduce breast cancer risk. Some women at increased risk for breast cancer may benefit from risk-reducing medications. Use of screening measures remains suboptimal, especially for uninsured women.
乳腺癌是美国女性中最常见的癌症,其发病率随年龄增长而上升。内源性雌激素暴露、增殖性良性乳腺疾病、乳腺密度和家族史也可能表明患乳腺癌的风险增加。通过乳腺钼靶筛查进行早期检测可降低乳腺癌死亡率,但净效益因年龄而异。评估患者个体的乳腺癌风险可为乳腺癌筛查决策提供指导。所有女性都能从可能降低乳腺癌风险的健康行为中受益。一些乳腺癌风险增加的女性可能会从降低风险的药物中获益。筛查措施的使用仍未达到最佳状态,尤其是对于未参保女性。