Monticciolo Debra L, Newell Mary S, Hendrick R Edward, Helvie Mark A, Moy Linda, Monsees Barbara, Kopans Daniel B, Eby Peter R, Sickles Edward A
Scott & White Medical Center, Texas A&M University Health Sciences, Temple, Texas.
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 Sep;14(9):1137-1143. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States. Before the introduction of widespread mammographic screening in the mid-1980s, the death rate from breast cancer in the US had remained unchanged for more than 4 decades. Since 1990, the death rate has declined by at least 38%. Much of this change is attributed to early detection with mammography. ACR breast cancer screening experts have reviewed data from RCTs, observational studies, US screening data, and other peer-reviewed literature to update our recommendations. Mammography screening has consistently been shown to significantly reduce breast cancer mortality over a variety of study designs. The ACR recommends annual mammography screening starting at age 40 for women of average risk of developing breast cancer. Our recommendation is based on maximizing proven benefits, which include a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality afforded by regular screening and improved treatment options for those diagnosed with breast cancer. The risks associated with mammography screening are also considered to assist women in making an informed choice.
乳腺癌是美国最常见的非皮肤癌，也是女性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。在20世纪80年代中期广泛引入乳腺钼靶筛查之前，美国乳腺癌死亡率在40多年里一直保持不变。自1990年以来，死亡率至少下降了38%。这种变化很大程度上归因于乳腺钼靶检查的早期发现。美国放射学会（ACR）乳腺癌筛查专家审查了随机对照试验（RCT）、观察性研究、美国筛查数据以及其他同行评审文献的数据，以更新我们的建议。在各种研究设计中，乳腺钼靶筛查一直被证明能显著降低乳腺癌死亡率。美国放射学会建议，乳腺癌平均发病风险的女性从40岁开始每年进行乳腺钼靶筛查。我们的建议基于将已证实的益处最大化，这些益处包括定期筛查能大幅降低乳腺癌死亡率，以及为确诊乳腺癌的患者提供更好的治疗选择。与乳腺钼靶筛查相关的风险也会被考虑在内，以帮助女性做出明智的选择。
