Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4539. doi: 10.3390/nu15214539.
Epidemiological studies have shown that eating fish significantly reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. However, more focused meta-analyses based on the most recent results from prospective cohort studies are needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the association between fish intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using recent prospective studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline was conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of high vs. low categories of fish intake in relation to CVD incidence and mortality. Non-linear meta-regression was applied to investigate the shape of the association between fish intake and CVD risk. Sensitivity analysis and stratifications by type of CVD outcome, type of fish intake and type of cooking were performed. Based on 18 papers reporting 17 independent estimates of CVD risk (1,442,407 participants and 78,805 fatal and non-fatal CVD events), high vs. low intake of fish corresponded to about 8% reduced CVD risk (RR = 0.93 [0.88-0.98]). According to a non-linear dose-response meta-regression, 50 g of fish intake per day corresponded to a statistically significant 9% reduced fatal and non-fatal CVD risk (RR = 0.92 [0.90-0.95]). Similarly, fish intake in the range of a weekly intake of two to three portions of fish with a size of 150 g resulted in 8% fatal and non-fatal CVD risk reduction (RR = 0.93 [0.91-0.96]). The recommended two portions of fish a week reduces the risk of CVD outcomes by approximately 10%. A full portion of fish a day reduces CVD risk by up to 30%.
流行病学研究表明，吃鱼可显著降低心血管疾病（CVD）的发病率和死亡率。然而，需要更多基于最新前瞻性队列研究结果的更集中的荟萃分析。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在使用最近的前瞻性研究更新鱼类摄入量与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关联。根据多变量调整后相对风险（RR）的随机效应综合，按照 PRISMA 指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析，高 vs. 低鱼类摄入量与 CVD 发病率和死亡率相关。应用非线性荟萃回归来研究鱼类摄入量与 CVD 风险之间的关联形状。进行了敏感性分析和按 CVD 结局类型、鱼类摄入量类型和烹饪类型进行分层分析。基于 18 篇报告 CVD 风险 17 项独立估计值的论文（1442407 名参与者和 78805 例致命和非致命 CVD 事件），高 vs. 低鱼类摄入量对应约 8%的 CVD 风险降低（RR = 0.93 [0.88-0.98]）。根据非线性剂量-反应荟萃回归，每天摄入 50 克鱼与致命和非致命 CVD 风险降低 9%具有统计学意义（RR = 0.92 [0.90-0.95]）。同样，每周摄入 2-3 份 150 克大小的鱼，鱼类摄入量与致命和非致命 CVD 风险降低 8%相关（RR = 0.93 [0.91-0.96]）。每周推荐摄入两份鱼可使 CVD 结局风险降低约 10%。每天摄入一份完整的鱼可降低 CVD 风险高达 30%。
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