School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
School of Medicine, Jinggang Shan University, Jian, Jiangxi, 343009, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2023 Nov 14;23(1):740. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04456-2.
Recently developments in the field of positive psychology have provided new perspectives for understanding the connection between individual variation in Quality of life (QoL) and positive aspects of human potential, strengths, and resources, commanding increasing attention. This study aimed to examine self-reported quality of life (QoL) profiles and the association of QoL profiles with positive psychosocial characteristics in Chinese older adults.
A convenient sample of 354 older adults in nursing homes was recruited from Guangdong Province, China, between November 2020 and January 2021. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to explore QoL profiles using the four WHOQOL-BREF domains as input variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to explore the association between latent profiles and predictors.
LPA identified three latent QoL profiles: "low QoL with poor psychological health" (18.1%), "moderate QoL" (46.0%) and "high QoL" (35.9%). Frequency of weekly activity, optimism, gratitude, and social support were associated with the increased likelihood of belonging to the moderate-to-high QoL classes. Furthermore, Class 2 (moderate QoL group, reference) was compared with Class3 (high QoL group), higher frequency of weekly physical activity and spending more time on physical activity exhibited higher odds of belonging to high QoL class.
Using the domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale, the QoL profiles Chinese older adults can be identified. We found that psychosocial variables and demographic characteristic, including lower level of optimism and gratitude, lack of social support, low frequency of physical activity, and shorter activity duration time, heighten the risk for lower levels of QoL. Identifying classification may help focus on those at elevated risk for poor QoL and for developing tailored QoL improvement programs.
积极心理学领域的最新发展为理解生活质量（QoL）个体差异与人类潜力、优势和资源的积极方面之间的联系提供了新的视角，引起了越来越多的关注。本研究旨在探讨中国老年人的自我报告生活质量（QoL）特征以及 QoL 特征与积极心理社会特征的关系。
本研究采用方便抽样法，于 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 1 月在广东省的养老院招募了 354 名老年人。采用潜在剖面分析（LPA），以 WHOQOL-BREF 的四个领域作为输入变量，对 QoL 特征进行探索。采用多项逻辑回归探讨潜在剖面与预测指标之间的关系。
LPA 确定了三种潜在的 QoL 特征：“低 QoL 伴心理健康差”（18.1%）、“中 QoL”（46.0%）和“高 QoL”（35.9%）。每周活动频率、乐观、感激和社会支持与中高 QoL 类别的可能性增加有关。此外，与 Class 2（中 QoL 组，参照组）相比，Class 3（高 QoL 组）的每周体力活动频率更高，花在体力活动上的时间更多，属于高 QoL 类别的可能性更高。
使用 WHOQOL-BREF 量表的领域，可以确定中国老年人的 QoL 特征。我们发现，心理社会变量和人口统计学特征，包括较低水平的乐观和感激、缺乏社会支持、较低的体力活动频率和较短的活动持续时间，增加了 QoL 水平较低的风险。识别分类可能有助于关注那些 QoL 较差的高风险人群，并制定有针对性的 QoL 改善计划。
