Institute of Global Health Equity Research, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
College of Health Sciences, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Nov;8(Suppl 7). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013583.
The transfer of innovations from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs) has received little attention, leaving gaps in the understanding of the process, its benefits and the factors influencing it. This scoping review, part of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) project and the focus for a 2022 NIH-sponsored workshop on Global Health Reciprocal Innovation, sought to identify publications describing health innovations that were researched, developed and implemented in LMICs and adapted to address similar health challenges in HICs. A protocol was written and registered on Open Science Framework. Four databases were searched for articles published in English from 2000 to 2022 and described health innovations developed in LMICs and were transferred to HICs. Using Covidence, two reviewers initially screened the title and abstract and then the full text; discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Two reviewers collected the data from each article using Covidence and Microsoft Excel; discrepancies were resolved by a separate third reviewer. 7191 records were retrieved and screened of which 12 studies were included. Various frameworks and methodologies were employed in these studies, with a particular emphasis on adaptation and adoption of innovations. The review uncovered different paradigms of LMIC to HIC innovation transfer and exchange, including unidirectional transfers from LMICs to HICs as well as bidirectional or multidirectional mutually beneficial exchanges. The use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was common across all the included articles. Facilitators for innovation transfers included stakeholder engagement, relevance of local context, simplicity, and sufficient funding, promotion and branding. Barriers to transfers were mostly the opposite of the facilitators. Our results highlighted the underexplored field of LMIC to HIC innovation transfer and exchange and lay the foundation for future research studies.
从低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）向高收入国家（HICs）转移创新的问题很少受到关注，导致人们对这一过程、其收益以及影响因素的理解存在空白。这项范围界定审查是美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）项目的一部分，也是 2022 年 NIH 主办的全球卫生互惠创新研讨会的重点。该审查旨在确定描述在 LMICs 中进行研究、开发和实施，并针对 HICs 中的类似健康挑战进行调整的健康创新的出版物。制定了一份方案，并在开放科学框架上进行了注册。在英语发表的文章从 2000 年到 2022 年，从四个数据库中搜索了描述在 LMICs 中开发并转移到 HICs 的健康创新的文章。使用 Covidence，两名审查员最初筛选标题和摘要，然后筛选全文；通过讨论解决分歧。两名审查员使用 Covidence 和 Microsoft Excel 从每篇文章中收集数据；通过单独的第三名审查员解决分歧。检索并筛选了 7191 条记录，其中包括 12 项研究。这些研究采用了各种框架和方法，特别强调了创新的适应性和采用。审查发现了 LMIC 向 HIC 创新转移和交流的不同模式，包括从 LMIC 单向转移到 HIC 以及双向或多向互利交流。所有纳入的文章都普遍使用定性和定量数据收集方法。创新转移的促进因素包括利益相关者的参与、当地背景的相关性、简单性以及充足的资金、推广和品牌。转移的障碍大多与促进因素相反。我们的研究结果突出了 LMIC 向 HIC 创新转移和交流这一尚未得到充分探索的领域，并为未来的研究奠定了基础。
