Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 16;18(11):e0294444. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294444. eCollection 2023.
Modern contraceptive use is important for improving health and socioeconomic outcomes, but Ethiopia is among the lowest-using countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors affecting modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.
This population-based cross-sectional study used data obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 8,885 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. A weighted generalized estimating equation approach was used to account for the clustering and weighting effects in the assessment of associations between modern contraceptive usage and socioeconomic and demographic variables.
Modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia is low (28%). Prevalence is highest among women aged 25-34 (40.11%), with higher education (30.97%), who are Orthodox Christians (31.67%), married (40.40%), middle wealth index (31.70%), female-headed households (31.42%), with 1-3 living children (44.85%), who headed by under 31 years old (40.07%), and in the Amhara region (34.45%). In the generalized estimating equation analysis, women aged 35-44 and over 45, Muslims, households heads aged 41-50 and over 50, and in female-headed households were less likely to use modern contraceptives, while women with primary, secondary, and higher education, married, middle and rich wealth index, and with 1-3 and more living children were more likely to use modern contraceptive than their counterparts (reference group) and were statistically significant.
Modern contraceptive use is notably low among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Factors such as age, women's educational level, religion, marital status, number of living children, wealth status, gender and age of household head, and region were identified as significant factors associated with modern contraceptive use. Therefore, to increase modern contraceptive use, governmental and non-governmental organizations should invest in women's education and financial empowerment and raise awareness about the benefits of modern contraceptives, especially among older, unmarried, financially poor, elderly-led households, with few living children, and uneducated women.
现代避孕方法的使用对于改善健康和社会经济成果至关重要，但埃塞俄比亚是使用最低的国家之一。因此，本研究旨在确定影响埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女现代避孕方法使用的因素。
本基于人群的横断面研究使用了 2019 年埃塞俄比亚微型人口和健康调查（EMDHS）的数据。共纳入 8885 名育龄妇女进行分析。使用加权广义估计方程方法，以考虑到聚类和加权效应对评估现代避孕方法使用与社会经济和人口统计学变量之间关系的影响。
埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女现代避孕方法的使用率较低（28%）。年龄在 25-34 岁的女性中，现代避孕方法的使用率最高（40.11%），其次是受教育程度较高（30.97%）、东正教基督教徒（31.67%）、已婚（40.40%）、中等财富指数（31.70%）、女性户主家庭（31.42%）、有 1-3 个孩子（44.85%）、户主年龄在 31 岁以下（40.07%）、以及在阿姆哈拉地区（34.45%）。在广义估计方程分析中，年龄在 35-44 岁和 45 岁以上的女性、穆斯林、户主年龄在 41-50 岁和 50 岁以上的女性、以及女性户主家庭更不可能使用现代避孕药具，而受小学、中学和高等教育、已婚、中等和富裕财富指数、有 1-3 个和更多孩子的女性更有可能使用现代避孕药具，而不是她们的对应群体（参考组），且具有统计学意义。
埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女现代避孕方法的使用率明显较低。年龄、妇女教育水平、宗教、婚姻状况、子女数量、财富状况、性别和户主年龄、以及地区等因素被确定为与现代避孕方法使用相关的显著因素。因此，为了提高现代避孕方法的使用，政府和非政府组织应投资于妇女教育和经济赋权，并提高对现代避孕方法的好处的认识，特别是在年龄较大、未婚、经济贫困、由老年人领导的家庭、子女较少和未受过教育的妇女中。
