Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 16;18(11):e0287071. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287071. eCollection 2023.
The current study evaluates the cytotoxicity, mode of cell death and chemical analysis of selected beauty products and evaluation of the protective effect of Tamarix articulata (TA) extract against toxicity induced by beauty products in skin fibroblasts (Hs27). MTT and Crystal violet (CV) assays were used to determine the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of beauty products against Hs27 fibroblasts. DNA fragmentation assay and annexin-V staining were conducted to determine the mode of cell killing induced by evaluated beauty products. Quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme levels were used to evaluate the oxidative stress. Chemical analysis and heavy metals were evaluated to determine beauty products. Pre-treatment with TA extract for different time points followed by time-dependent exposure with beauty products to assess the protective effect of TA extract in Hs27 cells was analyzed by MTT and CV assays. Owing to the presence of various harmful heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in beauty products, our results revealed that all beauty products induce significant cytotoxicity over time (1, 4 h) in a dose-dependent (125, 250, 500 μg/mL) manner. DNA fragmentation assay, quantification of apoptosis by annexin-V staining, determination of ROS and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) revealed that the induced cytotoxicity was caused by oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. However, pre-incubation with a safe dose (50 μg/mL) of TA for different times (24, 48 h) followed by exposure to various doses (62.5, 125, 250, 500 μg/mL) of beauty products for different times (1, 4 h) revealed significant (*p≤0.05, **p≤0.01) protection against beauty product-mediated cytotoxicity. The effect was more pronounced for 1 h exposure to beauty products compared to 4 h. Our study demonstrates that the due to the presence of heavy metals in synthetic beauty products exhibit marked toxicity to skin fibroblasts due to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. However, the presence of abundant bioactive polyphenols with promising antiscavenging activity in TA extracts significantly nullifies cytotoxicity promoted by examined beauty products in skin fibroblasts (Hs27).
本研究评估了选定美容产品的细胞毒性、细胞死亡方式和化学成分，并评估了 Tamarix articulata (TA) 提取物对皮肤成纤维细胞 (Hs27) 中美容产品毒性的保护作用。MTT 和结晶紫 (CV) 测定法用于确定美容产品对 Hs27 成纤维细胞的剂量依赖性细胞毒性作用。DNA 片段化测定法和 Annexin-V 染色用于确定评估的美容产品诱导的细胞杀伤方式。活性氧 (ROS) 和抗氧化酶水平的定量用于评估氧化应激。化学分析和重金属用于评估美容产品。通过 MTT 和 CV 测定法分析 TA 提取物预处理不同时间点后，再随时间暴露于美容产品，以评估 TA 提取物在 Hs27 细胞中的保护作用。由于美容产品中存在各种有害重金属，如砷 (As)、铬 (Cr)、镉 (Cd)、镍 (Ni) 和铅 (Pb)，我们的结果表明，所有美容产品均随时间推移以剂量依赖性方式（125、250、500 μg/mL）诱导显著的细胞毒性（1、4 h）。DNA 片段化测定法、通过 Annexin-V 染色定量分析凋亡、ROS 和抗氧化酶（CAT、GSH-Px 和 SOD）的测定表明，诱导的细胞毒性是由氧化应激介导的凋亡引起的。然而，用安全剂量 (50 μg/mL) 的 TA 孵育不同时间 (24、48 h) 后，再暴露于不同剂量 (62.5、125、250、500 μg/mL) 的美容产品不同时间 (1、4 h) 可显著（*p≤0.05，**p≤0.01）保护皮肤成纤维细胞免受美容产品介导的细胞毒性。与 4 h 暴露相比，1 h 暴露的效果更为明显。我们的研究表明，由于合成美容产品中存在重金属，因此由于氧化应激介导的凋亡，它们对皮肤成纤维细胞表现出明显的毒性。然而，TA 提取物中丰富的具有有希望的抗清除活性的生物活性多酚的存在，可显著消除受检美容产品在皮肤成纤维细胞 (Hs27) 中促进的细胞毒性。
