Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health & Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 16;18(11):e0293799. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293799. eCollection 2023.
The prevalence of obesity and depression shows an accelerating trend with increased risk of morbidity and disability. The exact underlying relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) and depression and their associations in a large sample of Saudi adults.
We administered a nationwide cross-sectional web-based survey using a snowball sampling method among Saudi adults aged 18-60 years. We used a validated Arabic version of Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for depression assessment. We classified BMI into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with depression.
Among 4,683 Saudi adults, different grades of depression were present in 43.3%, most (25.2%) with a mild condition. Overweight and obesity were present in 26.4% and 21%, respectively. We found a positive association between BMI and BDI-II score (ρ = 0.14, p = 0.006). BMI was significantly higher among those who were older, males, married, living in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, educated at a pre-university level, employed, at high family-income levels, smokers, and people with chronic diseases. Depression score was significantly higher among married, non-employees, non-smokers, people with chronic diseases, and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Non-smoking, presence of chronic diseases, and being overweight or obese were significantly associated with depression.
Saudi adults were suffering from different grades of depression, overweight, and obesity. A positive association between BMI and BDI-II score was observed. Depression score did not differ by age, sex, geographical region, educational level, or family income. Non-smoking, presence of chronic diseases, and being overweight or obese were significantly associated with depression. Further longitudinal research is required to understand the factors underpinning causal relationships between BMI and depression, the subgroups' variation, and mediating strategies.
肥胖和抑郁的患病率呈上升趋势，发病率和残疾风险增加。它们之间的确切潜在关系尚不清楚。我们旨在评估大量沙特成年人的体重指数（BMI）和抑郁患病率及其相关性。
我们使用滚雪球抽样法，在年龄在 18-60 岁的沙特成年人中进行了一项全国性的横断面网络调查。我们使用经过验证的阿拉伯语贝克抑郁量表 II（BDI-II）评估抑郁情况。我们将 BMI 分为消瘦、正常体重、超重和肥胖。我们使用逻辑回归分析确定与抑郁相关的因素。
在 4683 名沙特成年人中，不同程度的抑郁分别存在于 43.3%、25.2%的人群中，其中大多数为轻度抑郁。超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 26.4%和 21%。我们发现 BMI 与 BDI-II 评分之间存在正相关（ρ=0.14，p=0.006）。年龄较大、男性、已婚、居住在沙特阿拉伯东部地区、接受过大学预科教育、就业、家庭收入水平较高、吸烟和患有慢性病的人群中 BMI 较高。已婚、非就业、不吸烟、患有慢性病和 BMI≥25kg/m2 的人群中，抑郁评分较高。不吸烟、患有慢性病以及超重或肥胖与抑郁显著相关。
沙特成年人患有不同程度的抑郁、超重和肥胖。观察到 BMI 与 BDI-II 评分之间存在正相关。抑郁评分不受年龄、性别、地理位置、教育程度或家庭收入的影响。不吸烟、患有慢性病以及超重或肥胖与抑郁显著相关。需要进一步的纵向研究来了解 BMI 和抑郁之间因果关系的潜在因素、亚组的变化和中介策略。
