College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2023 Dec;265:106767. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106767. Epub 2023 Nov 11.
Perchlorate, as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is largely produced and used in the military, fireworks, fertilizers, and other industries and widely exists in water. Although perchlorate is known to destroy the normal function of thyroid hormones (THs) in amphibians and interfere with their growth and development, the impact of TH levels caused by sodium perchlorate (NaClO) on endochondral ossification and skeletal development is poorly investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the potential effects of NaClO and exogenous thyroxine (T4) on the skeletal development of Rana chensinensis tadpoles and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that histological changes occurred to the femur and tibia-fibula of tadpoles raised in 250 μg/L NaClO and 5 μg/L exogenous T4, and the length of their hindlimbs was significantly reduced. In addition, exogenous T4 exposure significantly interfered with the expression of Dio3, TRβ, MMP9, MMP13, and Runx2, inhibiting the endochondral ossification process. Therefore, we provide robust evidence that the changes in TH levels caused by NaClO and exogenous T4 will adversely affect the endochondral ossification and skeletal development of R. chensinensis tadpoles.
高氯酸盐作为一种内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC），主要在军事、烟花、肥料和其他工业中生产和使用，并广泛存在于水中。虽然高氯酸盐已知会破坏两栖动物甲状腺激素（THs）的正常功能并干扰其生长和发育，但对于高氯酸钠（NaClO）引起的 TH 水平对软骨内骨化和骨骼发育的影响研究甚少，其潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨 NaClO 和外源性甲状腺素（T4）对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪骨骼发育的潜在影响，并阐明相关的分子机制。我们的结果表明，在 250μg/L NaClO 和 5μg/L 外源性 T4 中培养的蝌蚪的股骨和胫腓骨发生组织学变化，其后肢长度明显缩短。此外，外源性 T4 暴露显著干扰了 Dio3、TRβ、MMP9、MMP13 和 Runx2 的表达，抑制了软骨内骨化过程。因此，我们提供了有力的证据表明，NaClO 和外源性 T4 引起的 TH 水平变化会对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪的软骨内骨化和骨骼发育产生不利影响。
