Jiang Chuan-Ya, Han Ke, Yang Fan, Yin Si-Yue, Zhang Lei, Liang Bing-Yu, Wang Tai-Bao, Jiang Tao, Chen Yue-Rong, Shi Tai-Yu, Liu Yu-Chen, Chen Shan-Wen, Tong Bu-Sheng, Liu Ye-Hai, Pan Hai-Feng, Han Yan-Xun
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wuhu Hospital, East China Normal University, Wuhu, 241001, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Dec;92:102124. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102124. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
As a severe public health issue, hearing loss has caused an increasingly disease burden, especially in the elderly population. Hearing loss may inevitably induce asymmetric hearing, which makes it difficult for elderly individuals to locate sound sources, therefore resulting in increased postural instability and falling risk. To emphasize the public health emergence of hearing loss, we investigated the temporal trend of prevalence of hearing loss over the last 30 years and further predicted its changes in the next 20 years, decomposed the trend according to demographic factors and epidemiological changes, and quantified the cross-country healthy inequalities, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. In 2019, there were more than 140 million cases of hearing loss worldwide, a 93.89% increase from 70 million cases in 1990. The age-standardized rate (ASR) also increased with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.08% per year. Population growth and aging are the major drivers contributing to the changes, accounting for 60.83% and 35.35%. Of note, the contribution of aging varies showing a gradual increasing trend with sociodemographic index (SDI) elevating. Also notable, there were significant health inequalities across 204 countries and territories, with slope index of inequality rising over time. Projection of the global burden of hearing loss from 2020 to 2040 indicated progressive increases in both case number and ASR. These reflect the heavy disease burden of hearing loss that needed more targeted and efficient strategies in its prevention and management.
作为一个严重的公共卫生问题，听力损失已造成日益加重的疾病负担，尤其是在老年人群体中。听力损失可能不可避免地导致不对称听力，这使得老年人难以确定声源位置，从而导致姿势稳定性下降和跌倒风险增加。为了强调听力损失在公共卫生方面的紧迫性，我们利用《2019年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究》（GBD 2019）调查了过去30年听力损失患病率的时间趋势，并进一步预测了其在未来20年的变化，根据人口因素和流行病学变化分解了趋势，并量化了国家间的健康不平等情况。2019年，全球听力损失病例超过1.4亿例，比1990年的7000万例增加了93.89%。年龄标准化率（ASR）也有所上升，估计年百分比变化为每年0.08%。人口增长和老龄化是导致这些变化的主要驱动因素，分别占60.83%和35.35%。值得注意的是，老龄化的贡献有所不同，随着社会人口指数（SDI）的升高呈逐渐增加的趋势。同样值得注意的是，204个国家和地区存在显著的健康不平等，不平等斜率指数随时间上升。对2020年至2040年全球听力损失负担的预测表明，病例数和ASR都将逐步增加。这些反映了听力损失沉重的疾病负担，在其预防和管理方面需要更有针对性和高效的策略。
