The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui Road (South), Cheng-Guan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb 15;24(1):486. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17942-y.
Nutritional deficiencies remain serious medical and public health issues worldwide, especially in children. This study aims to analyze cross-country inequality in four common nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition, dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency) among children from 1990 to 2019 based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data.
Prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data as measures of four nutritional deficiency burdens in people aged 0 to 14 years were extracted from the GBD Results Tool. We analyzed temporal trends in prevalence by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC) and quantified cross-country inequalities in disease burden using the slope index.
Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency decreased, with AAPCs of -0.14 (-0.15 to -0.12), -2.77 (-2.96 to -2.58), and -2.17 (-2.3 to -2.03) from 1999 to 2019, respectively. Significant reductions in socio-demographic index (SDI)-related inequality occurred in protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, while the health inequality for dietary iron deficiency and iodine deficiency remained basically unchanged. The age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of the four nutritional deficiencies decreased as the SDI and healthcare access and quality index increased.
The global burden of nutritional deficiency has decreased since 1990, but cross-country health inequalities still exist. More efficient public health measures are needed to reduce disease burdens, particularly in low-SDI countries/territories.
营养缺乏仍然是全球严重的医学和公共卫生问题，尤其是在儿童中。本研究旨在根据 2019 年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据，分析 1990 年至 2019 年期间儿童中四种常见营养缺乏症（蛋白质-能量营养不良、膳食铁缺乏、维生素 A 缺乏症和碘缺乏症）的国家间不平等状况。
从 GBD 结果工具中提取了 0 至 14 岁人群中四种营养缺乏症负担的患病率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）数据，作为衡量指标。我们通过计算平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）来分析患病率的时间趋势，并使用斜率指数量化疾病负担的国家间不平等。
全球范围内，膳食铁缺乏症、维生素 A 缺乏症和碘缺乏症的年龄标准化患病率下降，AAPC 分别为-0.14（-0.15 至-0.12）、-2.77（-2.96 至-2.58）和-2.17（-2.3 至-2.03），1999 年至 2019 年。蛋白质-能量营养不良和维生素 A 缺乏症的社会人口指数（SDI）相关不平等程度显著降低，而膳食铁缺乏症和碘缺乏症的健康不平等基本保持不变。随着 SDI 和医疗保健可及性和质量指数的增加，四种营养缺乏症的年龄标准化患病率和 DALY 率下降。
自 1990 年以来，全球营养缺乏症负担有所下降，但国家间健康不平等仍然存在。需要更有效的公共卫生措施来减轻疾病负担，特别是在低 SDI 国家/地区。
