Lee Ryun Jung, Newman Galen, Van Zandt Shannon
School of Architecture and Planning, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, US.
Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Environ Plan B Urban Anal City Sci. 2023 Nov;50(9):2594-2609. doi: 10.1177/23998083231160542. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Vacant and abandoned land can be public eyesores that can potentially result in neighborhood distress in the long term. In some cases, the contextual conditions of a neighborhood have been shown to have more of a negative effect on communities than the vacant property itself. Maximum opportunities to actually reuse vacant and abandoned land is known to primarily exist in cases where the surrounding area has locational benefits or when local economic conditions are hopeful. This study examines and compares neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics around vacant lots in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, to identify spatial heterogeneity within vacancy types and neighborhood characteristics. Specifically, we examine 1) if the socioeconomic characteristics of a neighborhood can predict existing vacant lots and 2) what neighborhood characteristics are associated with certain vacant lot types. Three logistic regressions were tested with different buffers around each vacant lot, and a total of eighteen regressions were performed to capture the effects on six vacancy types. Results suggest that there are various types of vacancies interacting differently at the neighborhood scale, and that a large-scale neighborhood context matters when predicting vacancy types. The results also indicate three salient points. First, minority populations are a strong predictor of residential and commercial vacancies. Second, high-income areas tend to predict vacancies with potential investment opportunities or vacancies as a part of an existing park or recreational system. Third, vacant properties designated for institutional land uses tend to be found in lower-income areas, yet, not necessarily in areas with high minority populations. Managing and repurposing vacant and abandoned land should be handled more progressively with a better understanding of the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods. Further, examining vacancy types by community can be a way to diagnose potential neighborhood risks associated with vacant and abandoned land.
闲置和废弃土地可能会成为有碍观瞻的地方，从长远来看，有可能导致社区困扰。在某些情况下，社区的背景条件对社区的负面影响已被证明比闲置房产本身更大。实际上，最大限度地重新利用闲置和废弃土地的机会主要存在于周边地区具有区位优势或当地经济状况乐观的情况下。本研究调查并比较了美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市闲置地块周围的社区社会经济特征，以确定空置类型和社区特征中的空间异质性。具体而言，我们研究：1）社区的社会经济特征是否能够预测现有的闲置地块；2）哪些社区特征与特定的闲置地块类型相关。针对每个闲置地块周围不同的缓冲区进行了三次逻辑回归测试，总共进行了十八次回归，以捕捉对六种空置类型的影响。结果表明，在社区尺度上存在各种不同相互作用的空置类型，并且在预测空置类型时，大规模的社区背景很重要。结果还表明了三个要点。第一，少数族裔人口是住宅和商业空置的有力预测指标。第二，高收入地区往往预示着具有潜在投资机会的空置或作为现有公园或娱乐系统一部分的空置。第三，指定用于机构土地用途的闲置房产往往位于低收入地区，但不一定在少数族裔人口多的地区。在更好地了解社区社会经济特征的情况下，应更积极地管理和重新利用闲置和废弃土地。此外，按社区检查空置类型可以作为一种诊断与闲置和废弃土地相关的潜在社区风险的方法。
