Gottfries C G, Bartfai T, Carlsson A, Eckernäs S, Svennerholm L
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1986;10(3-5):405-13. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(86)90014-x.
A biochemical investigation of 21 brains from patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) and 22 brains from controls was made. In the normal brains 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) were reduced with age while their metabolites were not reduced. In the brains from the Alzheimer patients the examination of gray matter (caudate nucleus and hippocampus) showed a significant reduced activity of choline-acetyl transferase (CAT) and a reduction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that bordered significance in the hippocampus. In the brains from the Alzheimer patients a disturbance was found in the 5-HT system in the form of reduced levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). The catecholamine systems were also disturbed but to a less extent. In the 5-HT and DA systems the active amines as well as the metabolites were reduced in the brains from patients with AD/SDAT indicating not only a possible neuronal loss but also an incapacity of the remaining neurons to compensate for the loss by an increased turnover. The lipid content was slightly reduced in gray matter of the demented brains. In white matter there was a more severe reduction of the lipids and in this tissue also the cerebrosides and sulfatides were reduced. It is concluded that in brains from patients with AD/SDAT there are multiple biochemical deficits in gray as well as in white matter. The changes in white matter may be of pathogenetic importance in subgroups of AD/SDAT.
对21例阿尔茨海默型痴呆（AD/SDAT）患者的大脑和22例对照者的大脑进行了生化研究。在正常大脑中，5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）和多巴胺（DA）随年龄增长而减少，而它们的代谢产物并未减少。在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中，对灰质（尾状核和海马体）的检查显示胆碱乙酰转移酶（CAT）活性显著降低，海马体中的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）减少，接近显著水平。在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中，发现5-HT系统存在紊乱，表现为5-HT和5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）水平降低。儿茶酚胺系统也受到干扰，但程度较轻。在5-HT和DA系统中，AD/SDAT患者大脑中的活性胺及其代谢产物均减少，这不仅表明可能存在神经元丢失，还表明剩余神经元无法通过增加周转率来补偿损失。痴呆大脑灰质中的脂质含量略有降低。白质中的脂质减少更为严重，在该组织中，脑苷脂和硫脂也减少。结论是，AD/SDAT患者的大脑在灰质和白质中均存在多种生化缺陷。白质的变化可能在AD/SDAT的亚组中具有致病重要性。
