Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Addict Dis. 2024 Oct-Dec;42(4):313-325. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2282033. Epub 2023 Nov 20.
Kratom, also known as Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant that originates in Southeast Asia and possesses unique pharmacological characteristics. It is commonly consumed in the form of tea made by boiling the leaves or using the leaves to create the powder. According to its pain-relieving effects, the prevalence of kratom use around the world has increased, which has various implications for healthcare providers. Mitragynine is a well-known active compound in kratom.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the cardiovascular effects of mitragynine and its potential cardiotoxicity through the literature.
Authors searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using appropriate search strategies for each database. After the screening, all relevant studies were included.
Although kratom may have the potential for therapeutic benefits, it has been associated with multi-organ damage and cardiac toxicity in some cases. According to the available data, tachycardia and hypertension are the most common adverse effects. Other possible cardiovascular effects include atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, dose-dependent prolonged QTc interval, myocarditis, cardiomegaly, and cardiopulmonary arrest.
While prior research has indicated the possible negative effects of mitragynine overdose on the cardiovascular system, there are no definitive conclusions, and additional investigations are needed.
Kratom，也被称为 Mitragyna speciosa，是一种起源于东南亚的植物，具有独特的药理学特性。它通常以泡茶的形式或使用叶子制成粉末来消费。根据其止痛效果，Kratom 在全球的使用频率有所增加，这对医疗保健提供者产生了各种影响。Mitragynine 是 Kratom 中一种知名的活性化合物。
通过文献综述，本研究旨在全面了解 Mitragynine 的心血管作用及其潜在的心脏毒性。
作者使用了适合每个数据库的适当搜索策略，在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了搜索。在筛选后，纳入了所有相关研究。
尽管 Kratom 可能具有治疗益处，但在某些情况下，它与多器官损伤和心脏毒性有关。根据现有数据，心动过速和高血压是最常见的不良反应。其他可能的心血管作用包括动脉粥样硬化、室性心律失常、心肌病、剂量依赖性 QTc 间期延长、心肌炎、心脏肥大和心肺骤停。
尽管先前的研究表明 Mitragynine 过量对心血管系统可能产生负面影响，但目前尚无明确结论，需要进一步研究。
