United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Nov 28;120(48):e2312909120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2312909120. Epub 2023 Nov 20.
Fire activity during 2020 to 2021 in California, USA, was unprecedented in the modern record. More than 19,000 km of forest vegetation burned (10× more than the historical average), potentially affecting the habitat of 508 vertebrate species. Of the >9,000 km that burned at high severity, 89% occurred in large patches that exceeded historical estimates of maximum high-severity patch size. In this 2-y period, 100 vertebrate species experienced fire across >10% of their geographic range, 16 of which were species of conservation concern. These 100 species experienced high-severity fire across 5 to 14% of their ranges, underscoring potentially important changes to habitat structure. Species in this region are not adapted to high-severity megafires. Management actions, such as prescribed fires and mechanical thinning, can curb severe fire behavior and reduce the potential negative impacts of uncharacteristic fires on wildlife.
2020 年至 2021 年期间，美国加利福尼亚州的火灾活动前所未有，在现代记录中前所未有。超过 19000 公里的森林植被被烧毁（比历史平均水平高出 10 倍），可能影响到 508 种脊椎动物的栖息地。在>9000 公里的高严重程度燃烧中，89%发生在大面积斑块中，超过了历史上对最大高严重程度斑块大小的估计。在这 2 年期间，有 100 种脊椎动物经历了超过其地理范围 10%的火灾，其中 16 种是受保护关注的物种。这 100 种物种在其 5%至 14%的范围内经历了高严重程度的火灾，这突显出栖息地结构可能发生了重要变化。该地区的物种不适应高严重程度的大火。管理措施，如计划火烧和机械疏伐，可以遏制严重的火灾行为，并减少非典型火灾对野生动物的潜在负面影响。
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