Yoshinaka Shin, Yamaguchi Kohei, Yanagida Ryosuke, Ishii Miki, Nakagawa Kazuharu, Yoshimi Kanako, Nakane Ayako, Matsuyama Yusuke, Aida Jun, Tohara Haruka
Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2023 Oct 26;8(6):107. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics8060107.
Physical performance shows approximately 30% diurnal variation; however, diurnal variation in oral function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the diurnal variation in oral and swallowing function in older adults requiring long-term care. The participants included 13 adults aged >60 years (3 men and 10 women, mean age: 77.2 ± 6.3 years, age range: 62-90 years) requiring long-term care. Tongue strength (TS) and oral mucosal moisture were measured as indices of oral and swallowing function, while hand grip strength was measured as an index of general muscle strength. The patients were asked to participate in a "test" after breakfast, lunch, and dinner on the same day. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to examine diurnal differences in each item. Multilevel linear regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that TS was significantly higher at noon ( = 0.001) than in the morning. Therefore, caregivers who provide support during meals to older people requiring long-term care should consider the possibility of swallowing function differing according to the time of the day. In conclusion, it may be beneficial to establish a nutritional therapy that accounts for the diurnal variation in TS.
身体机能表现出约30%的昼夜变化；然而，口腔功能的昼夜变化仍不明确。本研究旨在确定需要长期护理的老年人的口腔和吞咽功能的昼夜变化。参与者包括13名年龄大于60岁（3名男性和10名女性，平均年龄：77.2±6.3岁，年龄范围：62 - 90岁）需要长期护理的成年人。测量舌力（TS）和口腔黏膜湿度作为口腔和吞咽功能的指标，同时测量握力作为一般肌肉力量的指标。要求患者在同一天的早餐、午餐和晚餐后参加“测试”。采用多水平线性回归分析来检验各项指标的昼夜差异。对年龄和性别进行调整后的多水平线性回归分析显示，中午的TS显著高于早晨（ = 0.001）。因此，为需要长期护理的老年人提供用餐支持的护理人员应考虑吞咽功能可能因一天中的时间不同而有所差异。总之，建立考虑TS昼夜变化的营养治疗方法可能是有益的。
