Webb C W Brian, D'Costa Katya, Tawagi Eric, Antonyshyn Jeremy A, Hofer O P Stefan, Santerre J Paul
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, M5G 1X3, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St Room 407, M5S 3G9, Canada.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St Room 407, M5S 3G9, Canada.
Acta Biomater. 2024 Jan 1;173:336-350. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.021. Epub 2023 Nov 19.
New functional materials for engineering gingival tissue are still in the early stages of development. Materials for such applications must maintain volume and have advantageous mechanical and biological characteristics for tissue regeneration, to be an alternative to autografts, which are the current benchmark of care. In this work, methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) was photocrosslinked with synthetic immunomodulatory methacrylated divinyl urethanes and defined monomers to generate composite scaffolds. Using a factorial design, with the synthetic monomers of a degradable polar/hydrophobic/ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) and GelMa, composite materials were electrospun with polycarbonate urethane (PCNU) and light-cured in-flight. The materials had significantly different relative hydrophilicities, with unique biodegradation profiles associated with specific formulations, thereby providing good guidance to achieving desired mechanical characteristics and scaffold resorption for gingival tissue regeneration. In accelerated esterase/collagenase degradation models, the new materials exhibited an initial rapid weight loss followed by a more gradual rate of degradation. The degradation profile allowed for the early infiltration of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, while still enabling the graft's structural integrity to be maintained. In conclusion, the materials provide a promising candidate platform for the regeneration of oral soft tissues, addressing the requirement of viable tissue infiltration while maintaining volume and mechanical integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need for the development of more functional and efficacious materials for the treatment of gingival recession. To address significant limitations in current material formulations, we sought to investigate the development of methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) and oligo-urethane/methacrylate monomer composite materials. A factorial design was used to electrospin four new formulations containing four to five monomers. Synthetic immunomodulatory monomers were crosslinked with GelMa and electrospun with a polycarbonate urethane resulting in unique mechanical properties, and resorption rates which align with the original design criteria for gingival tissue engineering. The materials may have applications in tissue engineering and can be readily manufactured. The findings of this work may help better direct the efforts of tissue engineering and material manufacturing.
用于工程化牙龈组织的新型功能材料仍处于开发初期。此类应用的材料必须保持体积，并具有有利于组织再生的机械和生物学特性，以替代自体移植物，自体移植物是目前的护理标准。在这项工作中，甲基丙烯酸化明胶（GelMa）与合成免疫调节性甲基丙烯酸化二乙烯基脲和特定单体进行光交联，以生成复合支架。采用析因设计，将可降解极性/疏水/离子聚氨酯（D-PHI）的合成单体与GelMa结合，用聚碳酸酯聚氨酯（PCNU）进行静电纺丝，并在飞行中进行光固化。这些材料具有显著不同的相对亲水性，具有与特定配方相关的独特生物降解特性，从而为实现牙龈组织再生所需的机械特性和支架吸收提供了良好的指导。在加速酯酶/胶原酶降解模型中，新材料表现出最初的快速失重，随后降解速度逐渐减慢。这种降解特性允许人脂肪来源的基质/干细胞早期浸润，同时仍能保持移植物的结构完整性。总之，这些材料为口腔软组织再生提供了一个有前景的候选平台，满足了活组织浸润的要求，同时保持了体积和机械完整性。重要性声明：需要开发更多功能更强、疗效更好的材料来治疗牙龈退缩。为了解决当前材料配方中的重大局限性，我们试图研究甲基丙烯酸化明胶（GelMa）和低聚聚氨酯/甲基丙烯酸酯单体复合材料的开发。采用析因设计对包含四到五种单体的四种新配方进行静电纺丝。合成免疫调节单体与GelMa交联，并用聚碳酸酯聚氨酯进行静电纺丝，从而产生独特的机械性能和吸收速率，符合牙龈组织工程的原始设计标准。这些材料可能在组织工程中有应用，并且易于制造。这项工作的发现可能有助于更好地指导组织工程和材料制造工作。
