Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 21;13(1):20353. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47797-z.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a critical fungal disease causes serious grain yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. Currently, utilization of chemical fungicides is the main control method which has led to serious resistance. Development of novel synergist is an important strategy to reduce the usage of chemical fungicides and postpone the development of resistance, while natural components are interesting resources. In this study, the synergistic effect of Taxodium 'zhongshansha' essential oil (TZEO) was determined and the best synergistic ratio (SR) of 3.96 in laboratory which was observed when the weight ratio of TZEO and prothioconazole was 1 : 1 with the corresponding EC (half maximal effective concentration) value of Fusarium graminearum was 0.280 mg L. Subsequently, an increase of 6.31% on the control effect to FHB index in field test was observed when compared to the treatment with prothioconazole alone, though there was no significant difference between these treatments. Furthermore, we established an effective method to detect the mycotoxin contaminations in wheat grain with the limits of quantifications (LOQs) value of 5 µg kg (DON, ZEN, 3-DON, and 15-DON) and 1 µg kg (OTA) and the contents were less to the maximum residue limit (MRL) values. It was also shown that the application of 20% TZEO EW led to a 20% reduction in the use of prothioconazole, which was calculated based on the control effect values of 86.41% and 90.20% between the treatments of 30% prothioconazole OD (225 g a.i ha, recommend dosage) and 30% prothioconazole OD (180 g a.i ha) + 20% TZEO EW (225 mL ha), significantly. The initial residue of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio was increased in the treatment with TZEO, which may play an important role in the synergistic effect on FHB. Moreover, none of the treatments posed a prothioconazole residue risk in the wheat grain and the environment. In addition, the essential oil has no any negative influence on wheat growth, which was revealed by a study of the chlorophyll content. These results provide an important botanical synergist for use with prothioconazole to control Fusarium head blight, and in-depth study to the synergistic mechanism of this oil is necessary in our future research.
镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB）是一种严重的真菌病害，可导致严重的粮食减产和霉菌毒素污染。目前，化学杀菌剂的利用是主要的防治方法，但这导致了严重的抗药性。开发新型增效剂是减少化学杀菌剂使用和延缓抗药性发展的重要策略，而天然成分是很有前景的资源。在这项研究中，确定了落羽杉精油（TZEO）的协同作用，当 TZEO 和丙硫菌唑的重量比为 1:1 时，在实验室中观察到最佳协同比（SR）为 3.96，相应的镰刀菌半效有效浓度（EC）值为 0.280mg/L。随后，田间试验中与单独使用丙硫菌唑相比，对赤霉病指数的防治效果提高了 6.31%，尽管这些处理之间没有显著差异。此外，我们建立了一种有效的方法来检测小麦中霉菌毒素的污染，其检测限（LOQs）值分别为 5μg/kg（DON、ZEN、3-DON 和 15-DON）和 1μg/kg（OTA），且含量均低于最大残留限量（MRL）值。结果还表明，应用 20% TZEO EW 可将丙硫菌唑的使用量减少 20%，这是基于 30%丙硫菌唑 OD（225g ai ha，推荐剂量）和 30%丙硫菌唑 OD（180g ai ha）+20% TZEO EW（225mL ha）处理之间的防治效果值 86.41%和 90.20%计算得出的。在添加 TZEO 的处理中，丙硫菌唑和丙硫菌唑脱巯基的初始残留增加，这可能在对 FHB 的协同作用中发挥重要作用。此外，在小麦籽粒和环境中，任何处理均未检测到丙硫菌唑残留风险。此外，通过对叶绿素含量的研究发现，这种精油对小麦生长没有任何负面影响。这些结果为使用丙硫菌唑防治镰刀菌穗腐病提供了一种重要的植物增效剂，我们未来的研究还需要深入研究这种油的协同作用机制。
