School of Dentistry, National University of Asunción (UNA), Paraguay
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2024 Jan 1;29(1):e18-e26. doi: 10.4317/medoral.26042.
The popularity of e-cigarettes has increased rapidly in the last decade, particularly among teens and young adults, being advertised as a less harmful alternative to conventional tobacco products. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have evidenced a variable quantity of potentially harmful components and some recognized carcinogens which may cause DNA damage in oral cells. Additionally, evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may play active roles in the pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as lung and bladder cancers. Therefore, this rapid review aimed to assess the available clinical evidence about using e-cigarettes as a risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer.
A systematic search for English language articles published was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. After the study selection process, the authors included twelve clinical studies about OPMD and oral cancer risk in e-cigarette users.
The main findings showed the presence of carcinogenic compounds in saliva and morphologic changes, DNA damage, and molecular pathways related to carcinogenesis in the oral cells of e-cigarette users. However, results were inconsistent compared to tobacco smokers and control groups.
the current clinical evidence on this topic is limited and insufficient to support using e-cigarettes as a risk factor for OPMD and oral cancer. Nevertheless, dental care professionals should advise patients responsibly about the potentially harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the oral mucosa cells. Future long-term and well-designed clinical studies are needed.
在过去十年中，电子烟的普及速度迅速加快，尤其是在青少年和年轻人中，被宣传为传统烟草产品的危害较小的替代品。然而，体外和体内研究已经证明了一些潜在有害成分和一些公认的致癌物质的数量存在差异，这些物质可能会导致口腔细胞的 DNA 损伤。此外，有证据表明，电子烟可能在其他恶性肿瘤（如肺癌和膀胱癌）的发病机制中发挥积极作用。因此，本快速综述旨在评估关于电子烟作为口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMD）和口腔癌风险因素的现有临床证据。
在 PubMed（MEDLINE）、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中进行了英语文章的系统搜索。在研究选择过程之后，作者纳入了 12 项关于电子烟使用者的 OPMD 和口腔癌风险的临床研究。
主要发现表明，电子烟使用者的唾液和形态学变化、DNA 损伤以及与口腔细胞癌变相关的分子途径中存在致癌化合物。然而，与吸烟者和对照组相比，结果存在不一致性。
目前关于这个主题的临床证据有限且不足以为电子烟作为 OPMD 和口腔癌的风险因素提供支持。尽管如此，牙科保健专业人员应该负责任地告知患者电子烟对口腔黏膜细胞的潜在有害影响。需要进行未来的长期和精心设计的临床研究。
